Learning Objectives Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks

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Learning Objectives Chapter 6
Telecommunications and Networks

• Understand the concept of a computer network
• Explain the diference between a LAN and a WAN
  concept of client/server and peer-to-peer
  networking.
• Identify the various transmission media and
  topologies used in telecommunications networks.
• Understand the fundamentals of wireless networks
• Explain the concepts behind the TCP/IPmodel.

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Communications

• Communication by wire
• Samuel Morses Telegraph
• Western Union
• Telephone

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What is a Computer Network?

• Telecommunication system - enable the
  transmission of data over public or private
  networks
• Network - An interconnected chain, group or
  system
• Computer Network - a communications, data
  exchange, and resource-sharing system created by
  linking two or more computers and establishing
  standards, or protocols, so that they can work
  together

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Types of Computer Networks
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Network Concepts

• Metcalfes Law
• Fundamentals of Telecommunications -
• Communications, Signal, Communication medium

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The Internet

• What is the Internet?
• What are the popular uses of the Internet?
• Who controls the Internet?
• What is Internet2 ?
• What is an ISP?

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A Brief History of the Internet

• 1957 - Computing was done primarily on large
  mainframe computers
• 1969 - ARPA commissioned ARPANET for research
  into networking

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Networks Basics

• Networks are differentiated by the following
• Architecture - peer-to-peer, client/server
• Topology - bus, star, ring, hybrid, wireless
• Protocols - Ethernet, Transmission Control
  Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
• Media - coaxial, twisted-pair, fiber-optic, and
  wireless

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Architecture

• There are two primary types of architectures
• Peer-to-peer (P2P) network
• Client/server network

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Peer-to-Peer Networks

• Peer-to-peer (P2P) network - any network without
  a central file server and in which all computers
  in the network have access to the public files
  located on all other workstations

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Client/Server Networks

• Client - a computer that is designed to request
  information from a server
• Server - a computer that is dedicated to
  providing information in response to external
  requests
• Client/server network - model for applications in
  which the bulk of the back-end processing takes
  place on a server, while the front-end processing
  is handled by the clients

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Client/Server Networks

• Network operating system (NOS) - the operating
  system that runs a network, steering information
  between computers and managing security and users
  
• Packet-switching - occurs when the sending
  computer divides a message into a number of
  efficiently sized units called packets, each of
  which contains the address of the destination
  computer
• Router - an intelligent connecting device that
  examines each packet of data it receives and then
  decides which way to send it onward toward its
  destination

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Client/Server Networks

• Client/Server network

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TOPOLOGY
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PROTOCOLS

• Protocol - a standard that specifies the format
  of data as well as the rules to be followed
  during transmission
• Interoperability - the capability of two or more
  computer systems to share data and resources,
  even though they are made by different
  manufacturers

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Ethernet

• Ethernet - a physical and data layer technology
  for LAN networking

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Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol

• Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
  (TCP/IP) - provides the technical foundation for
  the public Internet as well as for large numbers
  of private network

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Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol

• TCP/IP applications
• File transfer protocol (FTP)
• Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP)
• Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)
• Simple network management Protocol (SNMP)

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Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol
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Voice over IP (VoIP)

• Voice over IP (VoIP) - uses TCP/IP technology to
  transmit voice calls over long-distance telephone
  lines

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Wire Media
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E-BUSINESS NETWORKS

• Virtual private network (VPN) - a way to use the
  public telecommunication infrastructure (e.g.,
  Internet) to provide secure access to an
  organizations network
• Valued-added network (VAN) - a private network,
  provided by a third party, for exchanging
  information through a high capacity connection

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Wireless Technologies

• Terrestrial microwave
• Communications satellites
• Cellular and PCS telephone and pager systems
• Wireless LANs
• Bluetooth
• Wireless Web

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WIRELESS FIDELITY (WI-FI)

• Wireless fidelity (wi-fi) a means of linking
  computers using infrared or radio signals
• Common examples of wireless devices include
• Cellular phones and pagers
• Global positioning systems (GPS)
• Cordless computer peripherals
• Home-entertainment-system control boxes
• Two-way radios
• Satellite television

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WIRELESS FIDELITY (WI-FI)

• Disruptive wireless technologies
• WiMax wireless broadband
• Radio frequency identification tags (RFID)
• Micro hard drives
• Apples G5 and AMDs Athlon 64 processors

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BUSINESS DRIVERS FOR WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES

• Mobile and wireless are often used synonymously,
  but actually denote two different technologies
• Mobile technology - means the technology can
  travel with the user, but it is not necessarily
  in real-time
• Wireless technology - gives users a live
  (Internet) connection via satellite or radio
  transmitters
• Drivers of wireless technology growth include
• Universal access to information and applications
• The automation of business processes
• User convenience, timeliness, and ability to
  conduct business 24x7

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BUSINESS DRIVERS FOR WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES

• Wireless devices changing business include
• Wireless local area network (wLAN)
• Cellular phones and pagers
• Cordless computer peripherals
• Satellite television
• WiMax wireless broadband
• Security sensor

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Bluetooth

• Bluetooth an omnidirectional wireless
  technology that provides limited-range voice and
  data transmission over the unlicensed 2.4-GHz
  frequency band, allowing connections with a wide
  variety of fixed and portable devices that
  normally would have to be cabled together

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Radio Frequency Identification

• Radio frequency identification (RFID) - use
  active or passive tags in the form of chips or
  smart labels that can store unique identifiers
  and relay this information to electronic readers

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RFID
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Satellite

• Microware transmitter commonly used to transmit
  network signals over great distances

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Global Positioning System

• Global positioning system (GPS) a device that
  determines current latitude, longitude, speed,
  and direction of movement
• Market for GPS services is at 5 billion with
  expectations for the demand to double over the
  next five years
• Geographic information system (GIS) designed to
  work with information that can be shown on a map

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Intranets Extranets

• Intranet - A network inside a company that uses
  Internet technologies
• Web Browsers
• TCP/IP network and HTTP protocols
• Extranet - An external intranet
• A private network that uses Internet protocols,
  network connectivity, and possibly the public
  telecommunication system to securely share part
  of an organization's information