Chapter 6 Behavioral adaptations for survival

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Chapter 6 Behavioral adaptations for survival
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1. What is an adaptationist approach

• Constraints
• 1. Mutation failure
• 2. pleiotrophy
• 3. coevolution
• Definitions
• Fitness higher reproductive success
• Adaptation physiological changes to enhance
  fitness

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6.1  Mobbing behavior of colonial, ground-nesting
gulls

• Predator distraction hypothesis
• Eggs survive better because predators cant focus
  on finding them on the ground when mobbed.

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6.3  Does mobbing protect eggs?
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6.4  Benefit of high nest density for the arctic
skua
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2. How does the comparataive method work?  Use
Gull phylogeny and two scenarios for the origin
of cliff-nesting behavior as an example (Part 1)
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6.5  Gull phylogeny and two scenarios for the
origin of cliff-nesting behavior (Part 2)
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6.6  Not all gulls nest on the ground
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6.7  The logic of the comparative method
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3. What is convergent evolution ? Why are
Colonial California ground squirrels an example
of convergent evolution?
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6.9  Evidence for a cost of parental mobbing
behavior
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6.12  Fighting back by terns and wasps
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6.13  Communal defense by sawfly larvae
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6.14  A group of sleeping bees
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4. What is a cost-benefit approach? Use the
dilution effect in butterfly groups as an
example.
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6.10  The dilution effect in butterfly groups
(Part 2)
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6.11  The dilution effect in mayflies
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5. What are the costs and benefits of
camouflague? Cryptic coloration depends on
background selection
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6.16  The camouflaged moth, Biston betularia
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6.17  Predation risk and background selection by
moths
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6.18  Cryptic coloration and body orientation
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6.19  Does cryptic behavior work?
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6.23  Effect of monarch butterfly toxins
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6.20  The value of a backpack (Part 1)
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6.20  The value of a backpack (Part 2)
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6. What is a Darwinian puzzle? How does Warning
coloration demonstrate this?
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6.24  Why behave conspicuously?
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7.  What is "stotting"?   
List and explain 4 alternative hypothesis to
explain stotting?  Which do you think the data
supports?
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Alternative hypothesis for stotting

• Alarm signal
• warn conspecifics
• Social cohesion
• form groups and flee together
• Confusion effect
• Keep predator from fleeing
• Pursuit deterrence
• Allow predators to evaluate condition

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6.26  Cheetahs abandon hunts more often when
gazelles stot