Disorders of Growth

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• Small minds discuss people
• Average minds discuss events..
• Great minds discuss ideas..
• Genius silently acts.

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Disorders of Growth
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Objectives

• Understand Growth disorders.
• Difference between Neoplastic Non neoplastic
  growths.
• Classification of growth disorders.
• Characters of tumors Biology of tumors
• Diagnosis management of tumors. (Basic)

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New Cancer Statistics USA 1996
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Introduction

• Inflammatory, Degenerative Neoplastic
• Tumor Swelling / new growth / mass
• Two types of growth disorders
• Non-Neoplastic
• Secondary / adaptation due to other cause.
• Neoplastic.
• Primary growth abnormality.

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Non-Neoplastic Proliferation

• Controlled Reversible
• Hypertrophy Size
• Hyperplasia Number
• Metaplasia Change
• Dysplasia Disordered

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Neoplastic Proliferation

• Uncontrolled Irreversible
• Benign
• Localized, non-invasive.
• Malignant (Cancer)
• Spreading, Invasive.

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Pathogenesis Smoke - Lung Dis.
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LVH in Chronic Hypertension
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
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Goitre Iodine Deficiency
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Ovary - Cytadenoma
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Adenomatous polyp
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Endometrial Hyperplasia
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Normal Adaptation Benign
Malignant
Mechanism of Growth Disorders
Polyclonal Monoclonal
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Nomenclature

• Cell of origin Suffix
• (Oma, Carcinoma Sarcoma)
• Fibroma - Fibrosarcoma
• Osteoma - Osteosarcoma
• Adenoma - Adencarcinoma
• Papilloma - Squamous cell carcinoma
• Chondroma Chondrosarcoma

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Diagnosis

• History of Clinical examination
• Radiographic analysis X-Ray, US, CT, MRI
• Laboratory analysis Tumor markers
• Cytology Pap smear, FNAB
• Biopsy - Histopathology, markers.
• Autopsy Research, learning teaching

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Biology of Tumor

• Grading Differentiation
• Staging Progression

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TNM Staging of tumor
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TNM Staging of tumor

• T1N1M0 Means primary tumor is within the organ
  but cancer cells have spread to local lymphnodes,
  there is no metastasis.
• T3N0Mo - Means tumor has spread beyond primary
  organ but has not spread to lymphnodes or other
  sites.

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Liver - Metastasis
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Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
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BPH-Cut Section
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Sarcoma
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Sarcoma
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Papilloma (Adenoma)
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Carcinoma Lung
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Multiple Adenoma colon
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Fibroid uterus (leiomyoma)
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Lipoma Intestine