Video recording:

1
Video recording

• A data collection method
• TOOL 5100

2
Video-based research

• Emphasis on describing in detail the wholeness
  of what is going on in a particular activity or
  situation.
• Video-based Interaction Analysis (Jordan and
  Henderson,1995), consists of
• the in-depth micro-analysis of how people
  interact with one another,
• their physical environment,
• and the documents, artifacts, and technologies in
  that environment.
• Jordan (1992) used video data to explicate how
  authoritative knowledge is distributed in two
  highly technologized settings
• an airline operations room, where knowledge is
  continually jointly produced
• and a hospital setting, where it is vested in the
  technology and the physician.

3

• Capturing Complex, Distributed Activities
• Video-Based Interaction Analysis as a Component
• of Workplace Ethnography
• Karen Ruhleder Brigitte Jordan
• 1997

4
Advantages of Video-Based Interaction Analysis

• creates a permanent data corpus
• provides access to behavior invisible without
  replay technology
• captures complex data
• counteracts certain forms of recorder bias
• counteracts bias of the individual analyst
• avoids the say/do problem
• provides access to members' categories and world
  view
• exposes mechanisms and antecedents

5
Problems in Capturing and Analyzing Video-Based
Data

• Individuals are concerned about confidentiality
• Companies are concerned about confidentiality
• Video-based Interaction Analysis is time
  consuming and expensive
• Video-based data is difficult to work with
• Incorporating screen-capture ups the ante on
  time, expertise and complexity
• Camera effects may arise

6
Advantages ?

• The ability to document nonverbal behavior and
  interpersonal communication (facial expressions
  and emotions).
• It preserves the activity as its unfolding, so
  that the data material can be validated by other
  researchers.
• Viewing it several times
• Comments from others
• Captures multiple views of a situation.
• Enables the researcher to participate in the
  activity

7
Limitations ?

• Do the recordings manipulate the reality?
• Note without an exceptionally wide-angled lens,
  no camera can record all activity in a classroom
• Capturing too much can also be a problem
• Confidentiality can be a problem
• Time consuming and expensive
• Large amount of data
• Expensive equipment
• Subjects may get influenced by the presence of a
  camera

8
Considerations prior to recording 1

• Unit of analysis
• Formulating a research problem ? unit of analysis
• The most elementary part of a phenomenon to be
  studied, and will influence
• Research design
• Data collection
• Analysis
• Individuals vs. groups
• Distributed?

9
Considerations prior to recording 2

• Establish guidelines for confidentiality and
  obtain permission for videotaping from each
  participant.
• Rules for videotaping children under the age of
  18.
• Rules for confidentiality concerning storage of
  data material.
• Norwegian Social Science Data Services is
  helpful here (www.nsd.uib.no)
• Informs and gives advise on both ethical and
  legal issues
• Reviews research projects and gives
  recommendations with regard to the collection as
  well as the future storage and reuse of personal
  data.

10
Considerations prior to recording 3

• Camera angle and settings
• Tripod, handheld or a number of cameras?
• Audible and visual conditions
• Wireless microphone
• Sunlight
• Recordings of the activity on the computer screen
• flickering can be a problem
• Additional observation can work as a supplement

11
Further work for today

• Short intro in use of camera and accessories at
  InterMedia
• Presentation of the case for today
• Plan how to carry out the video recording
• Simulation (drama ?)
• Take a look at the recordings
• Questions?

12
Case

• A group of two and two work together at one
  computer
• We use Confluence
• The task
• Use sources at the internet to find out about
  advantages and limitations in use of video
  recordings of children under the age of 18.
• Post this in a space in Confluence
• Two people uses the camera and facilitate the
  recordings

13
Check-list

• Research problem Unit of analysis
• Guidelines and confidentiality
• Camera angle and settings (tripod, handheld)
• Audible and visual conditions
• Activity on the computer screen?