Apple Web Design Academy

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Apple Web Design Academy

• Understanding
• Web
• Communication

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The Internet has become such an integral part of
todays society in a relatively short period of
time. The birth of the Internet comes from an
experiment started by the U.S. Department of
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)
in the 1960s. ARPA established anetwork (ARPANET)
with the goal of creating a network that could
withstand adisaster the magnitude of a nuclear
war. To do this, they had to create a network
thatwould continue to function even if multiple
nodes were disabled. The idea was thatinformation
being sent over the network would simply be
rerouted around the disabled nodes of the network
automatically, without affecting the delivery of
the information. The initial ARPANET network
started in 1969 with nodes in four academic
institutions. The network and its many protocols
grew and evolved over two decades.
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• In the mid-1980s, the National Science Foundation
  (NSF) used the protocols created
• by ARPANET to connect five super-computing
  centers across the United States. These
  super-computing centers provided a network
  (NSFNET) for research and academic
  communications. The network was made available to
  U.S. research and educational institutions free
  of charge. This sparked the creation of regional
  networks to connect to the NSFNET backbone. The
  NSFNET backbone was restricted to scientific and
  academic use until 1991, when it was opened to
  commercial entities.
• The opening of the NSFNET backbone to commercial
  entities caused the Internet to
• grow exponentially. In 1993, the NSF created
  InterNIC to provide the following
• Directory and database services to provide a
  directory of online pages and publicly
• available databases
• Registration services for domain name and IP
  address assignment
• Support services such as outreach, education, and
  information services for the
• Internet community

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Visit Hobbes Internet Timeline
at http//www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/
Identify three events (other than those
described above) and describe why they think
these events are significant to the history of
the Internet. Note You may need to visit sites
other than Hobbes Internet Timeline togather
enough information to complete this assignment.
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Several committees play important roles within
the Internet community. The Internet Activities
Board (IAB) was established in 1983, replacing
the Internet Configuration Control Board
(ICCB). According to Webopedia, the IAB is ...
a technical advisory group of the Internet
Society, whose responsibilities include
overseeing the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF), overseeing the Internet standards
process, and publishing and managing Request for
Comments (RFCs). http//www.webopedia.com/TERM/I/
Internet_Architecture_Board.html The IAB went
through several name changes and, in 1992,
officially became the Internet Architecture Board
and was placed under the auspices of the Internet
Society (ISOC).
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The ISOC was established in 1992. It describes
itself as an international organization for
global cooperation and coordination for the
Internet and its internetworking technologies and
applications (http//www.isoc.org/isoc/general/).
The purpose of the ISOC is to ... maintain and
extend the development and availability of the
Internet and its associated technologies and
applicationsboth as an end in itself, and as a
means of enabling organizations, professions, and
individuals worldwide to more effectively
collaborate, cooperate, and innovate in their
respective fields and interests. The World Wide
Web Consortium ( W3C), created in 1994, was
designed to help bring the web to its full
potential by developing common protocols that
promote its evolution and ensure its
interoperability (http//www.w3.org/Consortium/).

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• You can learn the most critical information
  about the W3C by visiting the
• following web pages
• W3C in Seven Points at http//www.w3.org/Consorti
  um/Points/
• W3C Mission, Goals, and Role at
  http//www.w3.org/Consortium/mission
• Read the three sections W3C Mission, W3Cs Goals,
  and W3Cs Role.
• Go to Hobbes Internet Timeline at
• http//www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/
• Identify at least two committees (other than
  those discussed above) and
• explain what significance they had to the history
  or development of the Internet.
• You may have to visit sites other than Hobbes
  Internet Timeline to
• gather enough information to complete this
  assignment.