When The Universe Was Young

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When The Universe Was Young

• Mark Whittle
• University of Virginia

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• Shakespear As You Like It
• Reflections on human life
• All the worlds a stage,
• And all the men and women merely players.
• They have their exits and their entrances,
• And one man in his time plays many parts,
• His acts being in seven ages.

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Deep Contents
(space-time)

• Space Time

(stuff)

• Matter Energy

(glue to hold the stuff together)

• Forces

(4 nuclear, weak, electric, gravity)
Together, these make three basic structures
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Three Basic Structures

• Atoms
• Stars Planets
• Galaxies

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Properties of the Universe

• Isotropic (same in all directions)
• Homogeneous (same at all locations)

• Expanding

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View from galaxy A
B
A
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View from galaxy B
B
A
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Hubble law tells us the Universe ..

• Has no center
• Will get emptier in the future
• Was denser in the past
• ? its youth was very different
• Was all together 14 Byr ago
• ? it was born in a Big Bang

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Uncovering the Past

• Archeology
• infer the past from the present

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Uncovering the Past

• Archeology
• infer the past from the present

2. Watch History Now (?!?) Astronomers
have access to a natural time machine
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HDF
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MWB power spectrum Combined binned data
Low frequency
High frequency
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Convex ,by 150
Flat, 8 atoms
Flat, 4 atoms
Low pitch
High pitch
Long wavelength
Short wavelength
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Properties from the MWB

• Age of Universe 13.7 Byr
  (2)
• Atoms 4.4
  (9)
• Dark matter 23
  (15)
• Dark energy 73
  (5)
• Flatness 1.02
  (2)
• Hubble constant (km/s/Mpc) 71
  (6)
• Photon/proton ratio 1.6x109
  (5)
• Time of first stars 180 Myr
  (50)
• Time of MWB 380,000yr
  (2)

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Before the MWB ??

• Can we see beyond (before) the MWB ?

No
Thats the point its a Foggy Wall

• Return to Archeology

Ancient Relics
On Earth Rare In Stars 25

• HELIUM

• Not made in Stars ? Made in the Big Bang

• Need extreme temperature

? V. Early Times
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