Title: Alternative Energy Technologies using Biomass and Waste
1Alternative Energy Technologies using Biomass
and Waste
- Greener Solid Waste Practices
- Ryan Pletka
- September 2007
2Annual Electric Capacity Additions, MWa (avg.
megawatts)
Black Veatch Analysis of data from Global
Energy Decisions Energy Velocity database
Biomass includes landfill gas
3Annual Electric Capacity Additions, MWa (avg.
megawatts)
78-91
Black Veatch Analysis of data from Global
Energy Decisions Energy Velocity database
Biomass includes landfill gas
4Annual Electric Capacity Additions, MWa (avg.
megawatts)
92-98
Black Veatch Analysis of data from Global
Energy Decisions Energy Velocity database
Biomass includes landfill gas
5Annual Electric Capacity Additions, MWa (avg.
megawatts)
99-05
Black Veatch Analysis of data from Global
Energy Decisions Energy Velocity database
Biomass includes landfill gas
6Annual Electric Capacity Additions, MWa (avg.
megawatts)
Black Veatch Analysis of data from Global
Energy Decisions Energy Velocity database
Biomass includes landfill gas
7U.S. Biomass Energy Consumption by Sector
Source EIA
8Biomass Waste Resources
Cattle Manure
9Black Veatch Biomass and Waste Fuel Experience
- Agricultural Residues
- Rice Hulls
- Rice Straw
- Palm Oil Residues
- Bagasse
- Coconut Residues
- Cassava Residues
- Corncobs
- Switchgrass
- Banagrass
- Arundo Donax (E-Grass)
- Distillery Slop
- Oat Hulls
- Chicken and Turkey Litter
- Cow Manure
- Hog Waste
- Railroad Ties
- Food Waste
Wood Chips Whole Trees Urban Wood Waste
Peach Pits Sawdust Furniture Factory Wastes
Cardboard Landfill Gas Digester
Gas Manufactured Gas Ethanol Corn
Stover Black Liquor Furfural Residue Compost Peat
Wet Distillers Grains Dry Distillers Grains
Dried Sewage Sludge Waste Paper Paper Sludge and
Waste Meat Packing Waste Landfill Retrieved
Solid Waste Municipal Solid Waste Refuse
Derived Fuel Whole Tires Tire-Derived Fuel
Rubber Wastes Coke Gas Refinery Solid
Residue Refinery Liquid Residue High Carbon
Coal Ash Waste Bituminous Coal Waste Anthracite
Coal Sub-Lignite Coal Petroleum Coke
10Green Waste
11CD Separated Wood
12CD Separated Wood
13CD Separated Wood
14CD Separated Wood!
15Secondary Wood Products Residues
16Sewage Sludge Pellets
17Biomass and Waste Technology Options
- Direct combustion
- Cofiring
- Gasification Pyrolysis
- Anaerobic digestion
- Fermentation
- Landfill gas
18Traditional Direct Combustion
- 10,500 MW of capacity in US
- Capacities up to 100 MW, average 20 MW (Small)
- Relatively slow growth (High , Low Efficiency)
- Combustion technologies well proven
- Mass burn
- Stoker combustion
- Fluidized bed combustion
19Innovative Biomass/Waste Power Options
- Mixing biomass with fossil fuel assets
- Cofiring biomass with coal (50-400/kW)
- Biodiesel / ethanol in engines and turbines
- Gasification for boilers, engines, turbines, etc.
- Why do this?
- Cheap, quick, lower-risk
20Biomass Cofiring with Coal
- Potentially Most Economical Renewable
- but
21Biomass/Waste Gasification
- Gasification technology seems ready for
commercialization - Economics and gas clean-up have been barriers
in the past - Potential staged gasifier commercialization
- Near term existing oil gas-fueled boilers
- Mid-term syngas for biorefineries
- Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)
22Gasification
23Biorefineries
- Integrated cellulosic biomass conversion
- Multiple end products - similar to oil refineries
- Transportation fuels (biofuels)
- Chemicals
- Electric power with a potential for net export
- Sugar Platform (Biochemical cellulose)
- Thermochemical (all biomass is converted)
24Black Veatch Backs New Biofuels Technology.
25Biomass Transportation Fuels
26U.S. Ethanol Production
Current Capacity Under Construction 12.5
Billion Gallons
2007(est.)
Historical Production
- Total U.S. gasoline market 140 billion annual
gallons
Source RFA, Ethanol Producer Magazine
27Estimated U.S. Biodiesel Production (MGY)
2,600 MGY Current Capacity and Under Construction
2007
- Total US distillate fuels market is 60 billion
gal/yr
Source NBB, Biodiesel Magazine
28Example Economics of Various Technologies
Waste Resources
Biomass Resources
Levelized Cost of Energy, /MWh
30/ton tip fee
RDF Refuse Derived Fuel LFG Landfill Gas MSW
Mass Burn of MSW IGCC Integrated Gasification
Combined Cycle
29Thank You!Discussion - Questions?
Ryan Pletka pletkarj_at_bv.com Tel
925-949-5929 2999 Oak Road, Suite 490 Walnut
Creek, CA 94597