Panama

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Panama

• Amphibians Reptiles
• Mandy Tedick

2
Questions

• 1). Why is a caecilians mouth located at the
  bottom of the head?
• 2). Why are caecilians not endangered?
• 3). What makes a toad a true toad?
• 4). Where are the organs most visible on glass
  frogs?
• 5). How can one tell if a red-eye tree frog is
  from Panama compared to Mexico?
• 6). How does Chytrids disease spread?

3
Caecilians

• Earthworm/eel appearance
• Body is arranged in rings annuli
• Eyes may be completely covered by skin and bone
• Mouth is below head burrowing
• Generally not poisonous some may secrete toxins
• Have scales under the skin

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Caecilians

• Carnivorous
• Soft bodied invertebrates
• Ants
• Termites
• Beetles, small frogs, snakes, and lizards

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Mexican Caecilian

• 12-20 inches long
• Moist soil with plenty of nutrients
• Burrowscomes out at night or rainy days
• Moves in accordion motion
• Eats insects, termites, earthworms, baby mice
• Strong jaw with hooked teeth
• viviparous

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Mexican Caecilian

• Good for the soil
• Eat the insects that are harmful to people and
  property
• Not threatened or endangered
• Able to adapt to changes in environment

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True Toads

• Bidders organ
• Do not jump well
• No teeth

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True Toads
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Cane Toad

• Nocturnal
• Prefers disturbed areas over undisturbed
• Can be found in mangrove swamps
• survive in 10 sea water
• Males are smaller than females
• 66-220mm

• Food sources
• beetles,
• crabs,
• spiders,
• centipedes, millipedes,
• scorpions, cockroaches,
• ants, bees, snails,
• other frogs

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Cane Toad

• Toxic noxious chemicals
• Highly poisonous
• Few predators

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Glass Frogs

• Organs are visible
• Underside of frog especially
• Delicate body
• Large eyes that face forward

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Glass Frogs
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Ghost Glass Frog

• Largest of glass frogs
• Reticulations in the eye
• Nocturnal
• Arboreal
• Sleeps on exposed leaves
• Able to match green
• surroundings

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Poison Dart Frogs

• Poisonous skin
• fatal
• Brightly colored
• Small in size

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Poison Dart Frog
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Strawberry Poison Dart Frog

• Tropical Rainforests
• ¾ - 1in.
• Ground in rainforests
• Eats ants and termites
• Poisonous
• Its call can be heard between 8 and 10 am
• Females lays 3-17 eggs males take care of the
  eggs. Female takes care of the tadpoles

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Strawberry Poison Dart Frog

• Smuggled for the pet trade

http//video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/a
nimals/amphibians-animals/frogs-and-toads/frog_gre
entree_lifecycle.html?fsanimals.nationalgeographi
c.com
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Tree Frog

• Look different
• similar skeletal structure
• Slender bodies and long legs
• Some webbing
• Green or brown

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Tree Frog
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Redeye Tree frog

• Females are bigger than males77mm v. 60mm
• Bar markings on the side increase as one moves
  south 5 Mexico, 9 Panama
• Young can change color green by day, purplish by
  night. Eyes yellow turn red 2 ½ weeks after
  becoming a frog
• Nocturnaltake shelter underneath leaves
• adaptable

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Redeye Tree Frog

• Popular in the pet trade

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Leptodactylid Frogs

• All look different
• Short legs, warty backs
• Teeth in upper jaw
• Horizontal pupils

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Leptodactylid Frogs
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True Frogs

• Teeth at top of mouth
• Some webbing on hind feet
• Females are larger
• Males have thicker front legs

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True Frogs
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Vaillants Frog

• Large frogmales 67-94mm females 76-125mm
• Semi aquatic
• Active throughout year, day and night
• Sit and wait predatorinsects, spiders, birds,
  fish
• Snakes are their biggest threat
• Adapts well

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Vaillants Frog
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Chytrids Disease

• Chytridiomycosis
• Main cause for amphibian declines
• How it spreads
• Water
• Frog to frog contact
• Cannot be stopped in the wild
• Rate of progression 28-100 km per year
• Some frogs are able to resist the disease
• Marine toads, bullfrogs, African clawed frog

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Chytrid Quarantine
http//news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/10/07
1015-goldenfrog-video.html

• CAPTIVE FROGS ARE NOT SAFE FROM CHYTRID
• 2-3 months in an isolation room
• Underside of frog is swabbed for the disease
• Remedies
• Anti-fungal drugs, high temperatures, a bath
  solution with fungicidal drug

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Pacific Green Sea Turtle

• Named for the green color around the shell
• 3 ½ - 4 ft
• 300-400 lbs.
• Eats sea grass and algaeonly sea turtle that is
  strictly a herbivore as an adult
• Lives near coastline, in seagrass beds
• Nests in 2-3 year intervals

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Loggerhead

• Large head compared to other turtles
• 2 ½ - 3 ½ ft
• 350 lbs
• Carnivorous
• shellfish, crabs, clams, mussels
• Live in shallow, coastal bays
• Nests in 2-3 year intervals, 4-7 nests per season

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Hawksbill

• Narrow head with a hawk-like beak
• Most tropical of sea turtles
• On the smaller side
• 2 ½ - 3 ft, 100-150 lbs.
• Food from coral reefs
• sponges, shrimp, squid, anemones
• Lays 160 eggs in each nest

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Questions and Answers

• Mouth is below head burrowing
• Able to adapt to changes in environment
• Bidders organ,Do not jump well,No teeth
• Underside of frog especially
• 5 bars Mexico, 9 bars Panama
• Water, Frog to frog contact

• 1). Why is a caecilians mouth located at the
  bottom of the head?
• 2). Why are caecilians not endangered?
• 3). What makes a toad a true toad?
• 4). Where are the organs most visible on glass
  frogs?
• 5). How can one tell if a red-eye tree frog is
  from Panama compared to Mexico?
• 6). How does Chytrids disease spread?

34
Works Cited

• "Ampbibians of Panama." Earthlink.org. 5 Nov.
  2008 lthttp//home.earthlink.net/itec/
  Amphibian.htmlgt.
• "Amphibian Scientific Reference-Vol. 2."
  animals.jrank.org. Net Industries. 5 Nov. 2008
  lthttp//animals.jrank.org/collection/2/Grzimek-s-
  Student-Animal-Life-Resource.htmlgt.
• AmphibiaWeb.org. 5 Nov. 2008 lthttp//amphibiaweb.
  org/index.htmlgt.
• "Caribbean Conservation Sea Turtle Survival
  League." www.cccturtle.org. Caribbean
  Conservation Corporation. 5 Nov. 2008
  lthttp//www.cccturtle.org/ccctmp.phpgt.
• "Chytrid Fungus." www.amphibianark.org. 5 Nov.
  2008 lthttp//www.amphibianark.org/chytrid.htmgt.
• gymnophiona.org. 5 Nov. 2008 lthttp//www.gymnophio
  na.org/gt.