Exam Review

1
Exam Review

• HRT 225

2
Questions ConcentrationFall 2003

• Ensure Food Protection 21
• Purchase Receive Food 9
• Store Food Supplies 5
• Prepare Foods 13
• Serve Display Foods 10
• Maintain Equipment Supplies 10
• Monitor Food Personnel 12

3
Chapter ConcentrationFall 2003

• Quantity Chapter(s)
• 21 Ensure Food Protection 1,2,3,9
• 9 Purchase Receive Food 5
• 5 Store Food Supplies 6
• 13 Prepare Foods 7
• 10 Serve Display Foods 8
• 10 Maintain Equip. Supplies 10,11,12,13
• 12 Monitor Food Personnel 2,4,14 (all)

4
Chapter 1

• Foodborne Illness
• Disease carried or transmitted to people by food
• The greatest danger to food safety
• Usually caused by
• Time-Temperature Abuse
• Cross-Contamination
• Poor Personal Hygiene
• Most common reported causes
• Failure to cool food properly
• Failure to cook and hold food properly
• Poor personal hygiene

5
Chapter 1

• Foodborne-Illness Outbreak
• Incident in which two or more people experience
  the same illness after eating the same food
• Disease-causing microorganisms are responsible
  for the majority of foodborne illness outbreaks

6
Chapter 1

• Potentially Hazardous Food
• History of being involved in outbreaks
• Natural potential for contamination due to
  production and processing methods
• The Big Three (with these three factors, the
  food supports microorganism growth)
• Moist
• High in protein
• Neutral or slightly acidic pH levels (7.0 or
  slightly lower)

7
Chapter 1

• Potentially Hazards to Food Safety
• Unsafe food usually results from contamination
• Contamination is the presence of harmful
  substances in food
• Some contaminants occur naturally in foods
• Other contaminants are introduced to the food by
  the environment or humans
• Three catergories
• Biological Hazards
• Chemical Hazards
• Physical Hazards

8
Chapter 1

• Potentially Hazards to Food Safety
• Remember that foodborne illness is usually caused
  by (as opposed to results from as above)
• Time-Temperature Abuse (biological
  hazardsmicroorganismsreproduce and grow)
• Cross-Contamination (resulting from by some
  biological, chemical, or physical contamination
  usually this term refers to microorganism
  transfer)
• Poor Personal Hygiene (biological or physical
  hazards are transferred from humans to food)

9
Chapter 2

• Infection Bacteria Food Involved
• Salmonella Raw Meat Sliced Melon
• Listeria Unpasteurized Milk Dairy
• Campylobacter jejuni (same as above)
• Vibrio Oysters
• Yersinia Pigs, wild animals rodents

10
Chapter 2

• Intoxication Bacteria Source/Food
• Staphylococcus Human skin, nose, etc.
• Bacillus cereus Rice
• Botulism Garlic-in-Oil, Underprocessed
  foods

11
Chapter 2

• Toxin-mediated Bacteria - Food Involved
• Shigella Salads
• Clostridium Abused cooked meats
• E. coli (Shiga toxin) Raw / undercooked
  meat unpasteurized juice, alfalfa sprouts

12
Chapter 2

• Infection Virus Source/Food Involved
• Hepatitis A Humans / water, ice, non-heated
  foods
• Norwalk Humans / water, shellfish
• Rotavirus Humans / water, raw and ready-to-eat
  foods

13
Chapter 2

• Infection Parasite Source/Food Involved
• Trichinosis Pigs / undercooked pork and wild
  game
• Anisakis Marine fish / raw, undercooked or
  improperly frozen fish
• Giardia Wild animals / contaminated water and
  ice, salads

14
Chapter 2

• Infection Parasite Source/Food Involved
• Toxoplasma Animal feces / raw and
• gondii undercooked meat
• Cryptosporidium Humans and cattle / water,
  salads, raw veggies and apple cider
• Cyclospora Humans / water, marine fish raw
  milk and raw produce

15
Chapter 3

• Biological Contamination
• Seafood toxins
• Plant toxins
• Mushroom toxins
• Bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi

16
Chapter 3

• Seafood (Biological Contamination)
• Causes foodborne intoxication
• The toxin may be naturally occurring in the
  animal
• Pufferfish is the most common example
• Contains tetrodotoxin
• The toxin may come from the diet or environment
  of the animal (the three below)
• Ciguatera
• Shellfish Poisoning
• Scombroid Poisoning

17
Chapter 3

• Seafood (Biological Contamination)
• Ciguatera
• Illness Ciguatera Poisoning
• Toxin Ciguatera Toxin
• Type of Illness Intoxication
• Occurs in predatory reef fish
• Shellfish Poisoning
• Illness Shellfish Poisoning
• Toxins Vary
• Type of Illness Intoxication
• Occurs in certain shellfish
• Scombroid Poisoning
• Illness Scombroid Poisoning
• Toxin Histamine
• Type of Illness Intoxication
• Occurs in certain fish (tuna, swordfish)