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1
Littleford Day Inc. Where Processing Ideas
become Reality.
2
Processing Food with Littleford FKM
Units
Littleford Day Inc. Where Processing Ideas
Become Reality.
3
Littleford Equipment for the Food Industry.
Presentation Index
Page
Contents 4 The
Fluidized-Bed Concept for Mixing and Drying.
5 Chopper action on food dispersion
process. 6 Manufacturing Options.
7 How do we build them. 8
Our Regular Sizes. FM/FKM Series. 9
The Littleford Advantages. 10
Drying in the Littleford 11 The
Chopper advantages when drying. 12
Granulating with the Littleford. 13
Lecithinization of Food Powders. 14
Spices and Flavoring Operations. 15
Powdered Drinks Process. 16 Bakery
Mixes in the Littleford. 17 Gelatin
Desserts and the FM/FKM Series. 18
Cocoa Processing. 19 20 Disolvation. Steam
Stripping Solvent Removal 21 Sterilization
and Inoculation of Growing Media. 22
Chocolate Paste Mixing Cream Centers 23
Chocolate Flavored Compound Coatings Cold
Milk Additives. Tabbleted Candies. 24 Rental
Programs. 25 Service and Spare Parts.
26 Technical Center Our Lab.
Facilities. Testing Optimizing Products.
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The Fluidized Bed Operation for Mixing Drying
The unique mixing action of the FKM series
mixers is accomplished by a horizontal shaft
which revolves at a high rate of speed rapidly
projecting and hurling the mix materials
away from the vessel wall into free space,
filling the entire vessel. The mixing action
causes the materials to crisscross in the
direction of the vessel walls and inversely back
again, providing a high volume rate of material
transfer. The mechanically fluidized bed of
particles is the basis of its mixing efficiency
and accuracy, including mixtures with diverse
specific gravities as well as other problems
such as liquid incorporation and heat transfer.
5
Chopper Action, sending fluidized particles
upward, against sprayed liquids flowing
in the opposite direction.
Superb Liquids Dispersion into Powders, through
high speed Choppers
(Showing Top Injection Type. Bottom Liquids
Injection also available)
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Manufacturing Options
Vacuum System Stack (s) Pulse Back Filter
(s) Condenser, Receivers. Vacuum Pumps.
Material C.Steel, 304 S.S., 316 SS., Special.
Interior Std. 120 Grit or
higher.
Liquid Injection Tower, Manifold. Top and / or
Bottom Mountings.
Electric's H.P., TEFC,Expl.Proof.
Vessel Construction Atmospheric Std., Vacuum
Rated, Pressure Rated, Sanitary Construction.
FDA Ratings.
Feeding Ports
Drive Type. Sanitary or Welded Design RPMs 1 or
2 Speeds, Variable Speed. Hydraulic Coupling.
Seals Std. Packing, Positive
Pressure Mechanical.
Plows Std.,Heat Transfer, Becker
Jacket. Std. 75 PSI Other PSI Ratings Heating
Cooling
Special Bases, Load Cells.
Choppers H.P., TEFC, Expl.Proof
Blade Types
Discharge Valve Manual,Pneumatic. Ball type,
Butterfly, Spherical Slide Options.
Control Panels Manual, Automatic. RPM Control
Batch Times,
Amp,Power,Reports
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How do we build them
Standard or Sanitary Construction. TEFC
or Explosion Proof Electric's. Full Vacuum or
rated for several Internal Pressure Ratings.
Single or Variable Speeds.
Pulse Back Filters.
8
Our regular sizes
Working capacity depends on the process, and
is normally between 50 and 70 of total capacity.
9
Littleford Day Inc. Where Processing Ideas
Become Reality.
X
X
X
Accurate mixing of different density components.
Yes
Poor
X
Complete dispersion of liquids with dry powders.
Poor
Partial
Poor
Partial
X
X
X
Lump breaking, for control of particles sizes.
Poor
Partial
X
X
X
X
X
Fluidized-Bed particle movement for higher heat
transfer.
X
X
X
X
X
Extremely fast Batch Times of 2-4 Minutes on
dry powders.
X
X
X
Continuous deagglomeration for more efficient
drying.
Poor
Partial
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Drying in The Littleford.
1.-High efficiency drying of Suspensions, pastes,
and bulk materials. 2.-Fast drying cycles and
discharge. 3.-Allows efficient drying of
sensitive materials at low Temperatures. 4.-Comple
te dispersion of agglomerates, lumps and fiber
bundles. 5.-Homogeneous mixing of dissimilar
ingredients. 6.-Drying operations from liquid
state to free-flowing powder in one
vessel. 7.-Allows liquid addition during
processing. 8.-Adapts itself to effective
recovery of costly solvents. 9.-Eliminates need
for additional processing equipment.
The Key to this State-of-the Art drying
technology is the unique,
mechanically fluidized ploughshare action
which agi- tates and individualize the
solid parti- cles to be dried. The
ploughshare action forces the product into a
3-dimensions motion that individualizes each
particle, continuosly exposing tremendous
surface area for drying. The particles
constantly contact one another, and the heated
inte- rior walls of the jacketed vessel
furthering the drying process. Our dryers
are also equipped with independently
operated, high shear choppers, to reduce the
particle size of the lumps or agglomerates, to
expo- se undried materials and ensure
thoroughly dried particle interior.
Deagglomeration further shortens drying time.
Heated Pulse Back Filter with Stack.
Wet Product
Condenser
Littleford Dryer.
Recovery Tank.
Vacuum Pump.
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Advance Drying

The Chopper Advantages in Drying Fast,
efficient drying without lump formation
The action of the turbulent plows and the high
shear choppers reduce the forming lumps to
smaller granules, thus exposing large amounts of
new surface area for drying.
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Granulating The FKM Advantage
Littleford mixers/granulators, equipped with
plow-like mixing tools, develop an intermediate
intensity mix action, which is gentle, yet
thorough. This action is supplemented by
high shear choppers, which quickly disperse
minor liquid, or powder ingredients. In a
typical run, the excipient and the powdered
active ingredient are charged to the static
granulator and mixed, with choppers, for several
minutes, until the power curve levels off,
indicating that dispersion is complete. Then
the agglo- merating liquids are sprayed into
the active chopper field, where t hey are
quickly dispersed into the batch. The degree of
granulation, and thus the amount of power
utilized, is dependent upon the amount of liquid
added to the batch, so as of the wet mix batch
time. The action of the plows causes
snow- balling the choppers generates
small, granules.
For a Given Liquid Level More Wet-Mix Time
Material more wet out,
Higher Power
used
More uniform particles.
Wet-Mix Time Higher Liquid Level Material
more wet out,
Higher Power used

larger granule size.
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Lecithinization of Food Powders
Improved wetting
characteristics. Minimization of
Lecithin usage. Complete
uniformity of dispersion.
Increased Productivity.
Cold Milk or Water dispersable drink mix
powders. Cocoa, Proteins, Milk, etc., etc.
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Spices Flavoring Best Possible Quality
Natural Blends Uniform mixtures of aromatic
vegetable parts such as ground bark,
flower buds or seeds with leaves are rather
difficult to attain due to their
dissimilar shapes and densities, so as for their
tendency to segregate on discharge. The
fluidized bed mixing action of the FKM mixers
does not rely on gravity, producing a
completely homogeneous mixture in a matter of
seconds Dis- charging the unit with the plows
rotating prevents segregation of the product and
rapid discharge of the materials. The
thorough, but gentle and rapid dis- charge
blending action does not reduce particle size
of friable materials du- ring normal blend
cicles. Soluble Spices There is a growing use of
spice extracts, or oleoresins, due in part to
their ad- vantage of showing no speckling in
light colored foods. However, these
oleo- resins have the handicap of being very
viscous and difficult to coat on
suitable carriers. The Littleford mixer,
equipped with choppers, can uniformly coat
the surface of sugar,salt or dextrose with
oleoresin in a short mixing cycle,without requirin
g post-milling. Reductions in mix times, as
high as 90 have been re- ported for this
application. Meat Cures and Preservatives Uniform
, Free flowing mixtures of salt, sodium nitrate
and sugar used to enha- nce the flavor, color and
yield of meats can be produce in minutes. It is
capable to encapsulate certain additives to
prevent contact with moisture. This
coating action is attained by a combination of
chopper action and the inherent high heat
transfer required to melt and congeal the
coating.
Scale Bin
Sifter
Holding Bin
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Powdered drinks The Clear Littleford Advantage.
Advantages
Excellent Color Development. Particle Size
Maintained. High Output. Mix Cycle Less than 10
Minutes.
Powdered drink formulations contain a very high
percentage of fine sugar, which is usually
delivered to the mixer on an auto- mated basis.
The minor dry ingredients are usually
preweighted including several in a premix form,
and manually added during the blending cycle.
If liquid addition is required, a very fine
ato- mized spray is desirable,since the sugar
dissolves readily in the water, forming a sticky
agglomerate. High speed choppers are useful in
dispersing the minor additives, like the
vitamines, as well as enhancing color
development. Length of time in which the
choppers are used determines desired particle
size.
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Bakery Mixes
Cake, Doughnut and Frosting Mixes.
Fast and accurate shortening incorporation
without lumps formation. Single vessel
operation, avoiding pre-mixes and finishing
equipment. Total processing time 15-50 less than
required in old configurations.
Fluor, Sugar, Baking Powder flavoring, coloring
and Salt are dry mix for ONE to THREE minutes.
Lumps that frequen- tky form during storage of
the raw materials are completely broken up by
the choppers during the dry mix cycle. When
incorporating liquified solid shortening, the
batch Temp. is adjusted during the dry mix
cycle to within 40 F of the shortening Temp.by
mean of a heating jacket. This pre- vents too
rapid cooling of the shortening and resulting
prills Following the dry mix, liquid shortening
is introduced by lance injectors over the
high speed choppers, or solid shor- tening in
cubes added through special ports. Shortening
inc- orporation, up to 16, takes 2 to 5
minutes. Choppers fini- sh the mix in 5 to 7
minutes after shortening introduction.
Temperature Control of Bakery Blends is required
during the blends, to maintain a
crisp flee-flowing texture for packaging. This
control can not be effectively accomplished via
a cooled jacket because of very short cycles and
the possibility of a dew point formation
re- sulting in a buildup and/or water in the mix.
A more effective way to control temperature
is through indirect heat transfer by the slow
injection of either carbon dioxide (liquid or
dry ice) or liquid nitrogen directly into the
batch.
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Gelatin Desserts
Processed in the FKM Units.
Advantages
1.- Uniform Appearance. 2.- Superior,
extraordinary solubility. 3.- Minimum of
segregation in storage. 4.- Lower Batch Times 50
to 75 less time. 5.-Eliminates requirements of
Pre or Post-Milling.
Scale Bin
Littleford Mixer, with Choppers.
Sifter (Optional)
The intense mixing and deagglomerating action
of the high-speed choppers, combined with
the mexhanically generated fluidized bed of the
sugar, grenetine and other powders inside the
vessel allows for the very best gelatin dessert
quality in the market, far superior than the
one obtained in low-speed, such as ribbon
blenders, or tumbling mixers. The totally
enclosed cylindrical design of the Littleford
mixer reduces product loss during the mixing
process and reduces plant clean up.
Holding Bin
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Cocoa Processing
A Single Vessel for
Alkalization
Or Dutching, Able to process Red or Dark Cocoa.
Normal cycle to produce 65 Kgs. Of red cocoa in
our 130 Lts. Pilot reactor is 30 Minutes. Dark
Cocoa takes one hour.
Sterilization
Of Cocoa Press Cake Product is moistened inside
our DVT units and sterilized with
direct steam, with final
vacuum drying. Of Cocoa Powder Cocoa
Powder is sterilized by direct application of
steam and
further drying under vacuum.
To dry Cocoa Powder from 20 to 5 moisture
Cycle Time in a pilot 130 Lts. Vessel is 45
Minutes. If the drying time is carried in
conjunction with the alkalinization or
ste- rilization process, cycle time is reduced
significantly.
Drying
Instantanizing
Lecithine dispersion is accomplished in a few
minutes, due to high-shear choppers operation and
fluidized-bed system, which allows full
lecithine coating to each dry particle.
Lecithine utilization is minimized, keeping Req.
solubility improving taste
Final Mixing of all the chocolate formula are
done in few minutes. Choppers operation disintegra
tes any possible lump, guaranteeing a final dry,
free flowing powder.
Mixing
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Desolvation Steam
Stripping Solvent Removal
The Littleford Day desolvation technology is an
efficient and economic means of recovering
solvents and making the remaining products more
suitable for re-use or disposal after the
extraction process of plant materials has taken
place. A considerable portion of the
ingredients for the Food, Pharmaceutical,
Nutraceutical Biotechnical Industries is
manufactured from the extrac- tion of plant
materials using solvents. The extract is
used either as an ingredient or may be sold
directly to the consumer (i.e. Vanilla, cola,
paprika, etc.).
The extraction process typically utilizes a
solvent such as alcohol, acetone, hexane, etc.
To dissolve and remove a soluble resin from an
insoluble solid. This process leaves the
processor with waste in the form of an insoluble
solid, which still has a fairly high level of
solvent. In the past, due to the solvent levels
this waste has been land filled as the only
recourse for the processor. But, with higher and
higher costs for land filling items with
solvents and the fact that these insoluble
solids have value, processors have been searching
for an economical way to remove the solvents.
Typical Littleford Process Steps 1.- The
insoluble solids are placed in the
Littleford Ploghshare Vacuum Dryer.
Agitation is initiated (plows chopp-
ers), followed by direct steam inject-
ion into the Dryer to raise the tempe-
rature of the solids and to initiate the
release of the solvent from the perm-
eable solids. 2.- After an appropiate period of
time,the steam injection is completed. The
ve- ssel is still under vacuum, the prod-
uct is dried to remove the excess moi-
sture and remaining solvents. 3.- The insoluble
solids that have been cooled somewhat
via vacuum evapo- ration are then cooled
further (via co- oling water on the vessel
jacket) to the appropiate temperature
subsequent processes are completed (i.e.
Other in- gredients added,product granulated
or product discharged, etc.
Littleford Day has drawn upon its process
technology and advanced Ploughshare action to
develop a system for the solvent removal
from these solids. The Littleford system steam
strips, vacuum dries and cools the product, all
in the same vessel which eliminates addi- tional
handling, thus decreasing the amount of labor
hours required for the process, avoiding cross
contamination of product.
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Desolvation Page 2 Steam
Stripping Solvent Removal

1.- Controlled Drying/Desolvation
Desolvation through effective optimum
heat transfer. 2.- Improved drying/desolvation
rates. 3.- Increased efficiencies of
desolvation and drying. 4.- Efficient single
unit processing of the entire process.
The Littleford equipment used to accomplish
this advanced process is the Littleford
Ploughshare Vacuum Dryer, that combines the
operational fea- tures of steam injection,
vacuum and effective heat transfer (heating or
cooling) to desolvate in a single processing
unit. The Littleford Ploughshare Vacuum Dryer
operates according to the proven fluidized
bed mixing prin- ciple, whereby the materials
being processed are man tained by the plow shaped
mixing elements in a mechanically fluidized
suspended state. This permits the mediums
(steam and solids) to achi- eve intimate,
individualized, rapid contact with each other and
then the heat transfer surfaces. In addition, it
may be equipped with independently operated, high
shear chopper devices to reduce the particle
size of the lumps or agglomerates thereby
exposing undried (solvated) materials and
ensuring thoroughly dried/desolvated particle
interiors. Deagglomeration further shortens the
drying/desolvation time required. The Littleford
Ploughshare Vacuum Dryer has been specifically
engineered to maximize heat transfer coefficients
, which are many times higher than those of
traditional dryers. This advanced heat transfer
technology allows fast, single-unit desolvation.
It can be enhanced with an optional Littleford
Pulse Back Filter to effectively handle the vapor
stream created during steam stripping and drying.
The Littleford Pulse Back Filter is used to
filter the vapor stream from the Dryer in order
to prevent product carry-over into the condenser.
The filter is heated slightly higher than the
dew point of the vapor, thus preventing
condensation. Filter bags of proper porosity
are mounted over stainless steel cages and can
easily be removed through th top section of the
filter housing. A pneumatic pulse jet system
provides continuous automatic bag ceaning down
through a venturi at the top of the bag.
Since this pneumatic shock wave cleans only one
row of bags at a time, there is no interruption
of vapor flow through the filter. This provides a
smoothly operating dust control system for the
Vacuum Dryer. The Littleford Ploughshare Vacuum
Dryer is designed and constructed according to
GMP and to meet or exceed FDA, 3A, USDA
compliance as specified by the customer.
This proven Littleford technology has been
applied to numerous complex and difficult
applications in the Food, Nutraceutical and
Biotechnical Industries.
Littleford Ploughshare Vacuum Dryers can be
purchased in a varietyof sizes to meet most
production requirements. Littleford can
interface its system controls with existing
equipment or supply fully automated process
control systems.
21
Sterilization Inoculation of Growing Media
In the growing of fungi, yeasts,
bacteria, etc. For the Food, Pharmaceutical
and Biotechnology Industries, it is
imperative that the producer (grower) begins
with a sterile growing media and avoids any
possibility of cross contamination of that media.
Typically the grower purchases a sterile
growing media in pre-weighted small
individual containers, creating the need to
individually inoculate each container by
hand. Subsequently the grower will manually
mix in the inoculum and eventually mix all the
small containers together to form one large
batch. These processes are quite labor
intensive and lead to the real possibilities of
cross contamination. In addition, this
procedure does not allow the grower the
flexibility and control they require to best
satisfy their customers needs. Littleford
Day has drawn upon its process
technology and advanced Ploughshare action to
develop a vastly superior system for the
sterilization of growing media and the
inoculation of the media. The unique part
of the Littleford system is that both the
sterilization and the subsequent inoculation
occurs in the same vessel, thus eliminating the
possibility of cross contami- nation or
contamination in different steps of the
operation.
Typically the
Littleford process follows these steps Media is
placed in the Littleford Polyphase Reactor/Mixer
Low speed agitation is initiated followed by
direct steam injection into the media to raise
the temperature pressure within the mixer
sufficiently to denature all organisms. After an
appropiate holding period, the mixer is evacuated
the batch is cooled and dried utsing
evaporative cooling. The sterile media is cooled
to the appropiate Temp. moisture level,
inoculated, homogeneously mixed delivered to
the producers next step (i.e. Fermentation,
holding, etc.).
1.- Controlled sterilization through effective
and optimum heat transfer. 2.- Improved
cooling rates. 3.- Increased efficiencies of
Sterilization and Inoculation. 4.- Single
unit processing of the entire process. 5.- Less
labor intensive. 6.- Lessening the chance of
cross contamination. 7.- Handling different
types of growing media. 8.- More control and
flexibility.
Littleford VT/DVT units designed
constructed according to GMP to meet or
exceed FDA, 3A, USDA requirements.
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Chocolate Paste Mixing Cream Centers

23
Chocolate Cold Milk Additives Flavored Compound
Coatings
Tabletted Candies
24
Rental Programs
In addition to our Process Development Testing
Programs, our Rental Program offers a unique
opportunity to test our processing equipment in
your own Plant.
A portion of the rental cost, under this program,
will be applied to the purchase of any related
Littleford Day Equipment.
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Service Spare Parts

• Exclusive Dept. for customer assistance.
• Laboratory for formulations optimization.
• Specialized Field Service Engineers.

• Stock of common required parts.
• Top American Mfrd. Parts SKF, Falk, Chesterton,
  etc.,etc.
• Assistance in Spanish, if required.

The Best Service Department. Direct Sales Force.
No Reps. Own Manufacturing Facilities.
26
Process Development Testing
Main Office Florence, Ky. Ph.- [phone].
Fax [phone] Latin America Mexico Cy.Ph.-
(52-5)550-9459. Fax [phone]

Minutes away from Greater Cincinnati Airport,
Our Lab. Center is fully equipped with all the
required machinery for product development
Mixers, Dryers, Reactors, Granulators,
Intensive Mixers-Coolers and support equipment
such as filtering and vacuum drying systems.
Cosmetics Detergents Soaps Foundry
Additives Pharmaceutical Ceramics Fertilizers/Seed
s Rubber Mortar Mixes Brake Linings Powdered
Metals Herbicides Flame Retardant
Chemicals Pigments Color Flushing BMC SMC
Plastics. Color Concentrates PVC
Compounding Coatings Plastisols Adhesives
Caulks Inks Varnish ChemicalReactions
Drying Cellulose Reactions Spices Chocolate
processing Gelatin Powdered drinks Bakery
Mixes Instantanization
Technical Center Main Equipment FM-130
Mixer/Processor Ploughshare DVT-130 Polyphase
Reactor KM-150 Continuous Mixer/Processor M-5
Lab. Mixer Dryer W-180/K-300 PVC
Compounder W-10 High Intensity Mixer Daymax 10
Pastes Disperser Daymax 100 Pastes
Disperser Mixtruder Sigma Double-Arm Mixer Mogul
Tangential Sigma Mixer Cincinnatus Overlapping
Sigma Mixer FA-10 Nauta Processor


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