Chromosome Structure

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Chromosome Structure
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III. "Spending" Energy I PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA
Function 1. Information Storage - these nucleic
acids are recipes for proteins... the linear
sequence of A, T, C, and G's in these molecules
determines the linear sequence of amino acids
that will be linked together to form a protein.
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III. "Spending" Energy I PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA
Function 1. Information Storage - these nucleic
acids are recipes for proteins... the linear
sequence of A, T, C, and G's in these molecules
determines the linear sequence of amino acids
that will be linked together to form a
protein. 2. Catalytic Action - some RNA
molecules catalyze reactions they act like
proteinaceous enzymes. (Ribozymes)
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III. "Spending" Energy I PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA
Function 1. Information Storage - these nucleic
acids are recipes for proteins... the linear
sequence of A, T, C, and G's in these molecules
determines the linear sequence of amino acids
that will be linked together to form a
protein. 2. Catalytic Action - some RNA
molecules catalyze reactions they act like
proteinaceous enzymes. (Ribozymes) 3. Some RNA
molecules bind to RNA or RNA and regulate the
expression of these molecules, turning them off.
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III. "Spending" Energy I PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA
Function C. HOW they work - Protein Synthesis
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III. "Spending" Energy I PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA
Function C. HOW they work - Protein
Synthesis 1. Overview a. Two step
process transcription DNA is read, RNA is
made
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III. "Spending" Energy I PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA
Function C. HOW they work - Protein
Synthesis 1. Overview a. Two step
process transcription DNA is read, RNA is
made translation RNA is read, protein is made
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III. "Spending" Energy I PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA
Function C. HOW they work - Protein
Synthesis 1. Overview a. Two step
process transcription DNA is read, RNA is
made translation RNA is read, protein is
made b. Why two steps? Isn't that inefficient?
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III. "Spending" Energy I PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA
Function C. HOW they work - Protein
Synthesis 1. Overview a. Two step
process transcription DNA is read, RNA is
made translation RNA is read, protein is
made b. Why two steps? Isn't that
inefficient? historical effect of how the
system evolved
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III. "Spending" Energy I PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA
Function C. HOW they work - Protein
Synthesis 1. Overview a. Two step
process transcription DNA is read, RNA is
made translation RNA is read, protein is
made b. Why two steps? Isn't that
inefficient? historical effect of how the
system evolved greater productivity
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III. "Spending" Energy I PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA
Function C. HOW they work - Protein
Synthesis 2. Transcription - DNA is "read" and
RNA is made
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III. "Spending" Energy I PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA
Function C. HOW they work - Protein
Synthesis 2. Transcription - DNA is "read" and
RNA is made - an enzyme binds to DNA in a
specific region
G T A C G G T C A T G A A A C T G
C A T G C C A G T A C T T T G A C
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III. "Spending" Energy I PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA
Function C. HOW they work - Protein
Synthesis 2. Transcription - DNA is "read" and
RNA is made - an enzyme binds to DNA in a
specific region - the DNA "unzips"
G T A C G G T C A T G A A A C T G
C A T G C C A G T A C T T T G A C
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III. "Spending" Energy I PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA
Function C. HOW they work - Protein
Synthesis 2. Transcription - DNA is "read" and
RNA is made - an enzyme binds to DNA in a
specific region - the DNA "unzips" - the
enzyme links together RNA bases that are
complementary to one of the DNA strands.
G T A C G G T C A T G A A A C T G
C A U G C
C A T G C C A G T A C T T T G A C
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III. "Spending" Energy I PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA
Function C. HOW they work - Protein
Synthesis 2. Transcription - DNA is "read" and
RNA is made - an enzyme binds to DNA in a
specific region - the DNA "unzips" - the
enzyme links together RNA bases that are
complementary to one of the DNA strands.
G T A C G G T C A T G A A A C T G
C A U G C C A G U A C U U U G A C
C A T G C C A G T A C T T T G A C
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III. "Spending" Energy I PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA
Function C. HOW they work - Protein
Synthesis 2. Transcription - DNA is "read" and
RNA is made - an enzyme binds to DNA in a
specific region - the DNA "unzips" - the
enzyme links together RNA bases that are
complementary to one of the DNA strands. -
So, a DNA GENE was "read" and an m-RNA "copy" was
made
G T A C G G T C A T G A A A C T G
C A U G C C A G U A C U U U G A C
C A T G C C A G T A C T T T G A C
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III. "Spending" Energy I PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA
Function C. HOW they work - Protein
Synthesis 2. Transcription - DNA is "read" and
RNA is made 3. Translation - m-RNA is "read" and
a Protein is made
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3. Translation - m-RNA is "read" and a Protein
is made - in the cytoplasm, a Ribosome binds
to the m-RNA
C A U G C C A G U A C U U U G A C
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3. Translation - m-RNA is "read" and a Protein
is made - in the cytoplasm, a Ribosome binds
to the m-RNA - it "reads" to find the first
"AUG" sequence
C A U G C C A G U A C U U U G A C
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3. Translation - m-RNA is "read" and a Protein
is made - in the cytoplasm, a Ribosome binds
to the m-RNA - it "reads" to find the first
"AUG" sequence - another type of RNA binds,
carrying a specific AA
C A U G C C A G U A C U U U G A C
met
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3. Translation - m-RNA is "read" and a Protein
is made - in the cytoplasm, a Ribosome binds
to the m-RNA - it "reads" to find the first
"AUG" sequence - another type of RNA binds,
carrying a specific AA - the ribosome "reads"
the next 3-bases and links the next AA to the
first...(where does it get the energy to make the
bond?)
C A U G C C A G U A C U U U G A C
met
pro
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3. Translation - m-RNA is "read" and a Protein
is made - in the cytoplasm, a Ribosome binds
to the m-RNA - it "reads" to find the first
"AUG" sequence - another type of RNA binds,
carrying a specific AA - the ribosome "reads"
the next 3-bases and links the next AA to the
first - this continues until a "stop
signal" is reached...
C A U G C C A G U A C U U U G A C
met
pro
val
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3. Translation - m-RNA is "read" and a Protein
is made - in the cytoplasm, a Ribosome binds
to the m-RNA - it "reads" to find the first
"AUG" sequence - another type of RNA binds,
carrying a specific AA - the ribosome "reads"
the next 3-bases and links the next AA to the
first - this continues until a "stop
signal" is reached...
C A U G C C A G U A C U U U G A C
met
pro
val
leu
24
3. Translation - m-RNA is "read" and a Protein
is made - in the cytoplasm, a Ribosome binds
to the m-RNA - it "reads" to find the first
"AUG" sequence - another type of RNA binds,
carrying a specific AA - the ribosome "reads"
the next 3-bases and links the next AA to the
first - this continues until a "stop
signal" is reached...
C A U G C C A G U A C U U U G A C
met
pro
val
leu
"stop"
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C. HOW they work - Protein Synthesis 2.
Transcription - DNA is "read" and RNA is made 3.
Translation - m-RNA is "read" and a Protein is
made 4. Summary So, the linear sequence of A,
T, C, and G's in DNA ultimately determined the
sequence of AA's linked together to form a
protein. DNA is a recipe for proteins. A DNA
recipe GENE
G T A C G G T C A T G A A A C T G
C A T G C C A G T A C T T T G A C
C A U G C C A G U A C U U U G A C
met
pro
val
leu