Four Years Out: Postschool Experiences of Youth With Disabilities

1
Four Years Out Postschool Experiences of Youth
With Disabilities
Findings from the National Longitudinal
Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) Renée Cameto,
Ph.D.SRI International Interagency Committee
on Disability Research Interagency Subcommittee
on EmploymentState of the Science
ConferenceArlington, VirginiaJune 23- 25, 2008
2
NLTS2 Overview
NLTS2 has been funded with federal funds from the
U.S. Department of Education, Institute of
Education Sciences, National Center for Special
Education Research, under contract number
ED-01-CO-0003. The content of this publication
does not necessarily reflect the view or policies
of the U.S. Department of Education, nor does
mention of trade names, commercial products, or
organizations imply endorsement by the U.S.
government.
3
Data Sources

• Parent telephone interviews
• Youth telephone interviews/survey
• NLTS2 Wave 3, 2005
• Responses for youth who have been out of high
  school up to 4 years (n approximately 2,390)
• Ages 17 through 21

4
Todays Agenda

• Review career preparation outcomes of youth with
  disabilities out of high school up to 4 years
• High school completion and equivalence
• Postsecondary education
• Employment

5
High School Completion, by Youth with Disabilities
NOTE High school completers are those who
received a high school diploma or certificate of
completion. Noncompleters are those who left high
school without a diploma or certificate of
completion, including 19 percent who were
reported to have dropped out and 1 percent who
were reported to have left for other reasons
(e.g., permanent expulsion). SOURCE U.S.
Department of Education, Institute of Education
Sciences, National Center for Special Education
Research, National Longitudinal Transition
Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent interview and
youth interview/survey, 2005.
6
School Completion Rate, by Disability Category
SOURCE U.S. Department of Education, Institute
of Education Sciences, National Center for
Special Education Research, National Longitudinal
Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent
interview and youth interview/survey, 2005.
7
Participation in High School Equivalency Diploma
or Certificate Programs byYouth With
Disabilities Who LeftHigh School Without
Finishing
Percentage of youth who
a
a Percent of youth who ever enrolled in a GED or
high school equivalency program who received a
high school diploma or certificate. Sources U.S.
Department of Education, Institute of Education
Sciences, National Center for Special Education
Research, National Longitudinal Transition
Study-2 (NLTS2) Wave 3 parent interviews and
youth interviews/survey, 2005.
8
Postsecondary Education
9
Enrollment in Postsecondary Education Since
Leaving High School

p lt .001 comparing youth with disabilities in
2005 and those in the general population in
2001. SOURCE U.S. Department of Education,
Institute of Education Sciences, National Center
for Special Education Research, National
Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3
parent interview and youth interview/survey,
2005 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth
(NLSY), 2001, youth survey, responses for youth
ages 17-21.
10
Postsecondary Education Enrollment, by Youth With
Disabilities and in the General Population at
the Time of Interview


p lt .001 comparing youth with disabilities
and those in the general population. SOURCE U.S.
Department of Education, Institute of Education
Sciences, National Center for Special Education
Research, National Longitudinal Transition
Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent interview and
youth interview/survey, 2005 National
Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), 2001, youth
survey, responses for youth ages 17-21.
11
Postsecondary School Enrollment Since Leaving
High School of Youth With Disabilities, by High
School Leaving Status



p lt .001 comparing high school completers and
noncompleters. SOURCE U.S. Department of
Education, Institute of Education Sciences,
National Center for Special Education Research,
National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2),
Wave 3 parent interview and youth
interview/survey, 2005.
12
Postsecondary School Enrollment Since Leaving
High School, by Disability Category
SOURCE U.S. Department of Education, Institute
of Education Sciences, National Center for
Special Education Research, National Longitudinal
Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent
interview and youth interview/survey, 2005.
13
Attendance at Vocational, Business, or Technical
Schools Since Leaving High School,by Disability
Category
SOURCE U.S. Department of Education, Institute
of Education Sciences, National Center for
Special Education Research, National Longitudinal
Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent
interview and youth interview/survey, 2005.
14
Attendance at 2-Year or Community Colleges Since
Leaving High School, by Disability Category
SOURCE U.S. Department of Education, Institute
of Education Sciences, National Center for
Special Education Research, National Longitudinal
Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent
interview and youth interview/survey, 2005.
15
Attendance at 4-year Colleges Since Leaving High
School, by Disability Category
SOURCE U.S. Department of Education, Institute
of Education Sciences, National Center for
Special Education Research, National Longitudinal
Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent
interview and youth interview/survey, 2005.
16
Postsecondary School Enrollment Since Leaving
High School of Youth With Disabilities, by
Household Income
Ever enrolled in a



p lt .05, p lt .01, p lt .001 comparing
youth from households with incomes of 25,000 or
less with those from households with incomes of
more than 50,000. SOURCE U.S. Department of
Education, Institute of Education Sciences,
National Center for Special Education Research,
National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2),
Wave 3 parent interview and youth
interview/survey, 2005.
17
Postsecondary School Enrollment Since Leaving
High School of Youth With Disabilities, by
Race/Ethnicity
Ever enrolled in a

p lt .01 comparing White youth with African
American youth. SOURCE U.S. Department of
Education, Institute of Education Sciences,
National Center for Special Education Research,
National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2),
Wave 3 parent interview and youth
interview/survey, 2005.
18
Primary Focus of Courses Taken at 2-Year or
Community Colleges by Youth With Disabilities
NOTE Of youth who have ever enrolled in
postsecondary school, refers to current
enrollment or for those not currently enrolled,
their most recent enrollment. SOURCE U.S.
Department of Education, Institute of Education
Sciences, National Center for Special Education
Research, National Longitudinal Transition
Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent interview and
youth interview/survey, 2005.
19
Primary Course of Study of Youth With
Disabilities in a 4-Year College or University
NOTE Of youth who have ever enrolled in 4-year
college or university, refers to current
enrollment or for those not currently enrolled,
their most recent enrollment. SOURCE U.S.
Department of Education, Institute of Education
Sciences, National Center for Special Education
Research, National Longitudinal Transition
Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent interview and
youth interview/survey, 2005.
20
Disclosure of Disability by Youth With
Disabilities in Postsecondary School
NOTE Of youth who have ever enrolled in
postsecondary school, refers to current
enrollment or for those not currently enrolled,
their most recent enrollment. SOURCE U.S.
Department of Education, Institute of Education
Sciences, National Center for Special Education
Research, National Longitudinal Transition
Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent interview and
youth interview/survey, 2005.
21
Self-Identification of a Disability, by
Disability Category
Student does not consider self to have a
disability
NOTE Responses of students who have ever
enrolled in postsecondary school. SOURCE U.S.
Department of Education, Institute of Education
Sciences, National Center for Special Education
Research, National Longitudinal Transition
Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent interview and
youth interview/survey, 2005.
22
Receipt of Accommodations and Supports From
School Because of Disability
Received accommodations and supports independent
of whether informed school of disability and
supports in
NOTE Of youth who have ever enrolled in
postsecondary school, refers to current
enrollment or for those not currently enrolled,
their most recent enrollment. SOURCE U.S.
Department of Education, Institute of Education
Sciences, National Center for Special Education
Research, National Longitudinal Transition
Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 1 school program survey,
2002, and Wave 3 parent interview and youth
interview/survey, 2005.
23
Receipt of Accommodations and Supports From
School by Youth Who Consider Themselves to Have a
Disability and Have Informed School of Disability
Students enrolled in a
NOTE Of youth who have ever enrolled in
postsecondary school, refers to current
enrollment or for those not currently enrolled,
their most recent enrollment. SOURCE U.S.
Department of Education, Institute of Education
Sciences, National Center for Special Education
Research, National Longitudinal Transition
Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent interview and
youth interview/survey, 2005.
24
Types of Accommodations and Supports Received
From Postsecondary Schools, by Youth with
Disabilities
NOTE Of youth who have ever enrolled in
postsecondary school, refers to current
enrollment or for those not currently enrolled,
their most recent enrollment. SOURCE U.S.
Department of Education, Institute of Education
Sciences, National Center for Special Education
Research, National Longitudinal Transition
Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent interview and
youth interview/survey, 2005.
25
Receipt of Generic Help With Schoolwork
Students enrolled in a
NOTE Of youth who have ever enrolled in
postsecondary school, refers to current
enrollment or for those not currently enrolled,
their most recent enrollment. SOURCE U.S.
Department of Education, Institute of Education
Sciences, National Center for Special Education
Research, National Longitudinal Transition
Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent interview and
youth interview/survey, 2005.
26
School Completion Goal of Postsecondary Students
With Disabilities Enrolled at the Time of the
Interview
Working toward a diploma, certificate, or license
at
SOURCE U.S. Department of Education, Institute
of Education Sciences, National Center for
Special Education Research, National Longitudinal
Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent
interview and youth interview/survey, 2005.
27
Postsecondary School Completion Within 4 Years of
Leaving High School by Youth With Disabilities
Who Have Ever Been Enrolled in a Postsecondary
Program
Graduated or completed program at
Percent of students who had ever been enrolled in
postsecondary school but are not currently
enrolled
SOURCE U.S. Department of Education, Institute
of Education Sciences, National Center for
Special Education Research, National Longitudinal
Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent
interview and youth interview/survey, 2005.
28
Employment
29
Employment of Youth With Disabilities and Youth
in the General Population
SOURCE U.S. Department of Education, Institute
of Education Sciences, National Center for
Special Education Research, National Longitudinal
Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent
interviews and youth interviews/survey, 2005
National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY),
2001, youth survey, responses for youth ages
17-21.
30
Employment of Youth With Disabilities, by School
Completion Status
SOURCE U.S. Department of Education, Institute
of Education Sciences, National Center for
Special Education Research, National Longitudinal
Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent
interview and youth interview/survey, 2005.
31
Youth Employment Since High School,by Disability
Category
NOTE Of youth who have ever been employed since
leaving high school, refers to current employment
or for those not currently employed, their most
recent employment. SOURCE U.S. Department of
Education, Institute of Education Sciences,
National Center for Special Education Research,
National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2),
Wave 3 parent interview and youth
interview/survey, 2005.
32
Employment Since High School of Youth With
Disabilities, by Household Income and
Race/Ethnicity
Household income
Race/Ethnicity
NOTE Of youth currently or most recently
employed since leaving high school. Other
race/ethnicity categories are too small to
present. SOURCE U.S. Department of Education,
Institute of Education Sciences, National Center
for Special Education Research, National
Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3
parent interview and youth interview/survey, 2005.
33
Types of Jobs Held by Youth With Disabilities Out
of High School 1 to 4 Years
NOTE Of youth who have been employed during a
period of 1 to 4 years after leaving high school
refers to current employment or for those not
currently employed, their most recent employment.
SOURCE U.S. Department of Education, Institute
of Education Sciences, National Center for
Special Education Research, National Longitudinal
Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent
interview and youth interview/survey, 2005.
34
Hours Worked by Youth With Disabilities Out of
High School 1 to 4 Years
Hours per week
Average hours per week
34
NOTE Of youth who have been employed during a
period of 1 to 4 years after leaving high school
refers to current employment or for those not
currently employed, their most recent employment.
SOURCE U.S. Department of Education, Institute
of Education Sciences, National Center for
Special Education Research, National Longitudinal
Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent
interview and youth interview/survey, 2005.
35
Wages of Youth With Disabilities Out ofHigh
School 1 to 4 Years
Percentage of youth earning hourly wage of
Average hourly wage
7.90
NOTE Of youth who have been employed during a
period of 1 to 4 years after leaving high school
refers to current employment or for those not
currently employed, their most recent employment.
SOURCE U.S. Department of Education, Institute
of Education Sciences, National Center for
Special Education Research, National Longitudinal
Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent
interview and youth interview/survey, 2005.
36
Duration of Employment of Youth With Disabilities
Out of High School 1 to 4 Years
Number of months employed
Average number ofmonths employed
10
NOTE Of youth who have been employed during a
period of 1 to 4 years after leaving high school
refers to current employment or for those not
currently employed, their most recent employment.
SOURCE U.S. Department of Education, Institute
of Education Sciences, National Center for
Special Education Research, National Longitudinal
Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent
interview and youth interview/survey, 2005.
37
Benefits Received by Youth With Disabilities Out
of High School 1 to 4 Years
NOTE Of youth who have been employed during a
period of 1 to 4 years after leaving high school
refers to current employment or for those not
currently employed, their most recent employment.
SOURCE U.S. Department of Education, Institute
of Education Sciences, National Center for
Special Education Research, National Longitudinal
Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent
interview and youth interview/survey, 2005.
38
Employment Advancement of Youth With Disabilities
Out of High School 1 to 4 Years
Percentage of youth whoreport they
a
a
a For youth employed 6 months or more. NOTE
Youth responded yes or no to the question Do you
think you? Of youth who have been employed
during a period of 1 to 4 years after leaving
high school refers to current employment or for
those not currently employed, their most recent
employment. SOURCE U.S. Department of
Education, Institute of Education Sciences,
National Center for Special Education Research,
National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2),
Wave 3 parent interview and youth
interview/survey, 2005.
39
Job Satisfaction of Youth With DisabilitiesOut
of High School 1 to 4 Years
Percentage of youth whoreport they
Like their job
a
a Youth responded yes or no to Do you think you
are treated pretty well by others at your
job. NOTE Of youth who have been employed
during a period of 1 to 4 years after leaving
high school refers to current employment or for
those not currently employed, their most recent
employment. SOURCE U.S. Department of
Education, Institute of Education Sciences,
National Center for Special Education Research,
National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2),
Wave 3 parent interview and youth
interview/survey, 2005.
40
Sources of Help Finding Employment for Youth With
Disabilities Out of High School 1 to 4 Years
Percentage of youth who report they receive help
from
Percentage of youth whoreport receiving no help
NOTE Of youth who have been employed during a
period of 1 to 4 years after leaving high school
refers to current employment or for those not
currently employed, their most recent employment.
SOURCE U.S. Department of Education, Institute
of Education Sciences, National Center for
Special Education Research, National Longitudinal
Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent
interview and youth interview/survey, 2005.
41
Job Accommodations for Youth With Disabilities
Out of High School 1 to 4 Years
Percentage of youth whoreport
NOTE Of youth who have been employed during a
period of 1 to 4 years after leaving high school
refers to current employment or for those not
currently employed, their most recent employment.
SOURCE U.S. Department of Education, Institute
of Education Sciences, National Center for
Special Education Research, National Longitudinal
Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent
interview and youth interview/survey, 2005.
42
Types of Job Accommodations Received by Youth
With Disabilities Out of High School 1 to 4 Years
Percentage of accommodated youth who receive
NOTE Of youth who have been employed during a
period of 1 to 4 years after leaving high school
refers to current employment or for those not
currently employed, their most recent employment.
SOURCE U.S. Department of Education, Institute
of Education Sciences, National Center for
Special Education Research, National Longitudinal
Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent
interview and youth interview/survey, 2005.
43
Youth With Disabilities Ever Fired From a Job,
by School-Completion Status
SOURCE U.S. Department of Education, Institute
of Education Sciences, National Center for
Special Education Research, National Longitudinal
Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent
interview and youth interview/survey, 2005.
44
Engagement in Employment, Postsecondary
Education, and Job Training
45
Engagement of Youth With Disabilities in
Employment or Postsecondary Education Since
Leaving High School
NOTE Of youth who have ever been employed since
leaving high school, refers to current employment
or for those not currently employed their most
recent employment and of youth who have ever been
enrolled in postsecondary education, refers to
current enrollment or for those not currently
enrolled, their most recent enrollment. SOURCE
U.S. Department of Education, Institute of
Education Sciences, National Center for Special
Education Research, National Longitudinal
Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent
interview and youth interview/survey, 2005.
46
Engagement of Youth With Disabilities in
Employment or Postsecondary Education Since
Leaving High School, by Disability Category
SOURCE U.S. Department of Education, Institute
of Education Sciences, National Center for
Special Education Research, National Longitudinal
Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Wave 3 parent
interview and youth interview/survey, 2005.
47
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