P1249598115hmtuK

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The First Two Years of IMAGE Jim Burch Southwest
Research Institute Magnetospheric Imaging
Workshop Yosemite National Park,
California February 5-8, 2002
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Outline of Talk 1. Objectives of
Magnetospheric Imaging Workshop 2. Summary of
IMAGE Accomplishments During Prime Mission - EUV
images of the plasmasphere - Radio sounding of
the plasmasphere - ENA images of the plasma
sheet, ring current, and ionospheric outflow -
FUV images of the proton aurora 3. Introduction
to October 21, 2001 Workshop Event 4. Plans for
Extended Mission
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Objectives of Magnetospheric Imaging Workshop

• Review Accomplishments of IMAGE Prime Mission
• Review Some of the Technological Challenges of
  IMAGE
• Foster Cooperative Research with Other
  Magnetospheric
• Missions, Ground-based Observations, and
• Theory/Modeling Efforts by Focusing on Specific
  Events.
• Review Plans for Extended Mission
• Review Plan for the First IMAGE Space Science
  Update

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Plasmasphere Results
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IMAGE 304 Å Plasmaspheric Imaging
Observation of Plasmaspheric Tail in Afternoon
Sector During a Magnetic Storm at 1755 UT on
August 11, 2000.
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Plasmaspheric Shoulders Observed in IMAGE-EUV 304
Å Images
July 29, 2000 0216 UT
May 24, 2000 0938 UT
Shoulders are Observed to Form in the Dawn Sector
Following Northward IMF Turnings and Then
Co-Rotate Through the Day Side Goldstein et al.,
2001.
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Formation of Plasmaspheric Shoulder by Northward
IMF Turnings Goldstein et al., 2001
Equipotentials
Plasma Density
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IMAGE 304 Å Plasmaspheric Imaging
Formation of Pre-Midnight Trough in Plasmasphere
from 0428 to 1351 UT on May 9, 2001 Sandel et
al., 2001
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IMAGE 304 Å Plasmaspheric Imaging
Rapid Inward Motion of Nightside Plasmapause
During a Substorm at 0213 to 0922 UT on July
10, 2000 Sandel et al., 2001.
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IMAGE-RPI Sounding of the Plasmasphere
Plasmagram traces show both field-aligned echo
(blue path) and direct echo (green path) from
inside the plasmasphere Carpenter et al., 2001.
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IMAGE-RPI Detection of Source of Kilometric
Continuum Radiation Green et al., 2001
EUV imager detects bite outs in plasmasphere.
RPI data show that kilometric continuum is
generated deep within bite outs and is beamed
along magnetic equator from a confined source
region.
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Magnetic Storms and Magnetospheric Substorms
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IMAGE-HENA Images of a Magnetic Dipolarization
Event October 4, 2000 (0900 - 1010 UT)
Brandt, Roelof et al., 2001
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00
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HENA 27-60 keV Ions
WIC LBH Aurora Image
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IMAGE Observation of a Symmetric Ring Current in
Energetic Neutral Atoms Burch et al., 2001.
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keV 50-60 39-50 27-39 16-27 10-16 3-10
Mitchell et al., 2001
keV
180-222
138-180
96-138
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Ionospheric Outflow
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Ionospheric Outflow in Response to Solar Wind
Pressure Pulses Fuselier et al., 2001
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Proton Aurora
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FUV-SI Images of Subauroral Proton Arc (Q-Aurora)
Nov. 10, 2000
0041 UT
2350 UT
Q-Aurora Appears When Main Oval Contracts
Following Northward IMF Turning Burch et al.,
2001.
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Proton Aurora Images of Cusp Response to
North-South IMF Transition Fuselier et al., 2001
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Feasibility of Using Interspacecraft Radio Links
to Image Total Electron Content
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IMAGE and WIND Single-Frequency Faraday Rotation
ExperimentAug 15, 2000
Raw Data
Orbit

• Unducted 828 kHz RPI signal received by
  WIND/WAVES 68 Re distant Cummer et al., GRL, p.
  1131, 2001.

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Data Analysis and Interpretation
828 kHz RPI Signal Modulation
Path-Integrated Magnetospheric Parameters
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?NekB/?k?dl) (T/m2)
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• Signal modulation gives Faraday rotation
• Single-frequency FR gives relative
  path-integrated NeB product

108 T/m2
1
20.2 20.6
21.0
UT (Aug. 15, 2000)
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• Some Scientific Accomplishments of IMAGE
• Confirmed Theory of Plasmaspheric Tails
• Discovered New Features of Plasmasphere
  (Shoulders, Troughs, Cavities, etc.) and
  Identified Their Causes and/or Effects
• Identified Plasmaspheric Cavities as Source
  Regions for Kilometric Continuum Radiation
• Clarified Relationships Between Substorms and
  Magnetic Storms (e.g., O Injection into Ring
  Current Caused by Substorms
• Obtained Global Images of Substorm Dipolarization
  in the Plasma Sheet
• Discovered Subauroral Proton Arcs and the Role of
  the IMF in their Formation
• Established Global-Scale Ionospheric Outflow as
  Immediate Response to Solar-Wind Pressure Pulses
• Demonstrated the Feasibility of Using
  Interspacecraft Radio Links to Image Total
  Electron Content
• Obtained the first measurements of solar-wind
  neutral atoms and interstellar neutral atoms from
  inside the magnetosphere.

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October 21, 2001 Workshop Event
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21 October 2001 Geomagnetic Storm Timeline
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21 October 2001 Geomagnetic Storm Timeline
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21 October 2001 Geomagnetic Storm Timeline
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Plans for Extended Mission
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Objectives of the IMAGE Extended Mission
The extended IMAGE mission focuses on geomagnetic
activity during the declining phase of the solar
cycle.
The evolution of the IMAGE orbit provides a new,
mid- and low-latitude and ultimately southern
hemisphere viewing perspective.
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Evolution of IMAGE Orbit During Extended Mission
Prime Mission (2000-2002)
Extended Mission (2002-2005)
solar maximum
declining phase of the solar cycle
high-latitude, northern hemisphere viewing
mid- low-latitude, southern hemisphere
viewing
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Extended Studies of Solar Wind and Interstellar
Neutral Atoms

• Study seasonal and solar cycle variations in
  solar wind
• neutral flux

• Search for ENAs formed by charge exchange between
  
• solar wind ions and interstellar neutrals

• Determine the angular width and start and stop
  dates of the
• interstellar neutral signal observed between late
  December
• and early February

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