Gender

1
Gender Power

• Susan T. Fiske
• Princeton University

2
Modern Gender Bias Not Your Grandmothers
Version

• Automatic
• Ambiguous
• Ambivalent

3
Ambiguous

• Shifting Standards (Biernat)
• Subjective Good for a woman
• Objective Male bias
• Short-List Problem (Vescio)
• Women nominated, appreciated
• Not hired, promoted in zero-sum settings

4
Ambiguous

• Moral Credentials (Miller)
• Women considered, but
• Reasons weighted ad hoc
• Lack of fit (Heilman)
• Manager male
• Masculine women disliked
• Catch 22 (Hopkins/ PriceWaterhouse)

5
Ambiguous

• Sex-role spillover (Gutek)
• Traditional gender-roles expected in workplace
• Harassment
• Backlash against agentic women
• (Eagly, Rudman)
• Prescriptive gender roles confine women
• Out-of-role women are punished

6
Ambiguous

• Shifting standards
• Short-list problems
• Moral credentials
• Lack of fit
• Sex-role spillover
• Backlash against agentic women

7
Whats So Special about Sex?

• Mens societal power
• Men womens intimate interdependence
• (women mens personal power)
• ? Ambivalence

8
Ambivalent Sexism Theory(Glick Fiske)

• Male dominance ? hostile sexism
• Antipathy to women perceived to challenge men
• Intimate interdependence ? benevolent sexism
• Favorable attitudes to women who serve men
• Two faces of the same biased coin ASI
• 25 nations, over 20,000 participants, worldwide

9
Sample Hostile Sexism Items

• Most women fail to appreciate all that men do for
  them.
• Women seek to gain power by getting control over
  men.
• Many women get a kick out of teasing men by
  seeming sexually available and then refusing male
  advances.

10
Sample Benevolent Sexism Items

• Women should be cherished and protected by men.
• Many women have a quality of purity that few men
  possess.
• A good woman ought to be set on a pedestal by her
  man.

11
BS ? positive HS ? negative Stereotypes of
Women
Correlation with stereotypes of women
Partial correlations used to control for
positive HS-BS relationship
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Views of Homemakers Career Women
BS predicts more positive evaluations of
homemakers HS predicts more negative evaluations
of career women
13
BS HS go Together, Shared(Data from 25 nations)
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But not completely shared Women resist endorsing
HS as much as men
Gap between mens and womens scores are bigger
in more traditional nations
15
But women accept BS (and, in the most traditional
nations, outscore men)
16
BS and HS Predict Gender (In)equality, United
Nations GEM Across 25 Nations
Degree of negative correlation
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Ambivalence

• Tension Liking v Respect
• Liked but disrespected homemakers
• Respected but disliked career women
• System that maintains inequality by confining
  womens roles

18
Women Defined by Role Fit(Eckes)
19
Women among Societal Groups(Stereotype Content
Model, Fiske et al.)
20
Ambivalence Liking v Respect

• Liked but disrespected homemakers
• Protected, helped
• But excluded, neglected
• Respected but disliked career women
• Cooperate, associate
• But attack, sabotage

21
Implications

• Automatic
• Ambiguous
• Objective standards
• Additional standards
• Ambivalent
• Focus on respect
• Recognize Catch-22

22
Thank you