Why Physical Fitness?

1
Chapter 1
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness

• Why Physical Fitness?

2
Physical Fitness
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness

• Research findings in the last three decades have
  shown that physical inactivity and negative
  lifestyle habits increase the risk for chronic
  diseases and premature mortality
• Widespread interest in health and preventive
  medicine has led to an increase in people
  participating in organized fitness programs

3
Risks of Physical Inactivity
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness

• Physically inactive people die younger
• Technological advances have greatly reduced
  required daily physical activity
• About 400,000 deaths in the U.S. are attributed
  each year to physical inactivity and poor dietary
  habits

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Life Expectancy
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness

• Beginning of the 20th century
• Life expectancy was 47 years
• Major life threats were infectious diseases
  tuberculosis, diphtheria, influenza, polio, etc.
• Late 20th century
• Infectious diseases eliminated with medical
  breakthroughs
• Life expectancy increased to 76.9 years but
  living the so-called good life encouraged
  chronic diseases hypertension, coronary heart
  disease, diabetes, cancer, etc.

5
Causes of Deaths in United Statesfor Selected
Years
1.1

• Physical inactivity and poor lifestyle habits
  have caused an increase in the incidence of
  chronic diseases

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Fitness Movement
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness

• The fitness movement resulted from the need to
  combat chronic disease
• Focus became disease prevention through a healthy
  lifestyle

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Healthy Life Expectancyin the U.S.
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness

• Average life expectancy in the U.S. is 77.4 years
  
• Healthy life expectancy is defined as the years
  of illness subtracted from life expectancy
• The World Health Organization (WHO) calculated in
  2000 that the healthy life expectancy of the U.S.
  was 24th in the world

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Healthy Life Expectancy for Selected Countries
1.2
9
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness

• Almost 80 of deaths in the U.S. today could be
  prevented through a healthy lifestyle program.

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Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness

• Over 50 of people who die in the U.S. die
  because of what they do
• More than half of disease is lifestyle-related
• A fifth is attributed to the environment
• A tenth is influenced by the health care the
  individual receives
• Only 16 is related to genetics
• The individual controls as much as 84 of
  vulnerability to disease and quality of life
• 83 of deaths before age 65 are preventable

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Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness

• In essence, most people in the United States
  are threatened by the verylives they lead
  today.

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Key Terms
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness

• Physical Activity Bodily movement produced by
  skeletal muscles requires expenditure of energy
  and produces progressive health benefits

• Exercise A type of physical activity that
  requires planned, structured, and repetitive
  bodily movement with the intent of improving or
  maintaining one or more components of physical
  fitness

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1996 Surgeon Generals Report
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness

• Poor health because of lack of physical activity
  is a serious problem
• More than 60 of adults do not achieve the
  recommended amount of physical activity
• 25 are not physically active at all
• Almost half of all people between 12 and 21 years
  of age are not vigorously active on a regular
  basis

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1996 Surgeon Generals Report
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness

• Physical inactivity is more prevalent in
• Women than men
• African Americans and Hispanic Americans than
  whites
• Older than younger adults
• Less affluent than more affluent people
• Less educated than more educated adults

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Percent of Total U.S. Adult Population That
Regularly Participates in Physical Activity
1.1

• The 1996 report became a nationwide call to action

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Critical Thinking
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness

• Do you consciously incorporate physical activity
  into your daily lifestyle?
• Can you provide examples?
• Do you feel that you get sufficient daily
  physical activity to maintain good health?

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Physical Activity vs. Mortality
1.4

• Studies show an inverse relationship between
  physical activity and premature mortality rates

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Fitness Levels vs. Mortality
1.5

• Although greater improvements in fitness yield a
  slightly lower risk for premature death, the
  largest drop is between the low fit and the
  moderate fit groups

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Moderate Physical Activity
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness

• Provides benefits through regular participation
• Can prevent premature death, unnecessary illness,
  and disability
• For people who are not physically active
• Can provide substantial benefits in health and
  well-being
• For people who are already moderately active
• Greater health and fitness benefits can be
  obtained when intensity of physical activity is
  increased

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Key Terms
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness

• Physical fitness The ability to meet the
  ordinary as well as the unusual demands of daily
  life safely and effectively without being overly
  fatigued and still have energy left for leisure
  and recreational activities

• Health-related fitness Fitness programs that are
  prescribed to improve the overall health of the
  individual encompasses cardiorespiratory
  endurance, muscular strength and endurance,
  muscular flexibility, and body composition

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Health-Related Fitness
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness
Cardiorespiratory endurance
Body composition
Muscular flexibility
Muscular strength and endurance
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Critical Thinking
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness

• What role do the four health-related components
  of physical fitness play in your life?
• Can you rank them in order of importance to you
  and explain your rationale in doing so?

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Key Terms
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness

• Skill-related fitnessFitness components
  important for success in skillful activities and
  athletic events encompasses agility, balance,
  coordination, power, reaction time, and speed

• Metabolic fitnessImprovements in the metabolic
  profile through a moderate-intensity exercise
  program in spite of little or no improvement in
  physical fitness measures

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Motor SkillRelated Fitness
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness
25
Two Fitness Standards
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness

• Health fitness standard
• Minimum fitness values required for disease
  prevention and health
• Physical fitness standard
• Higher standard required to achieve good or
  excellent physical fitness

• Physical fitness standard
• Requires more intense exercise to allow people of
  all ages the freedom to enjoy lifes daily and
  recreational activities to their fullest
  potential
• Current health fitness standards are not enough
  to achieve these objectives

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Health and Fitness Benefits according to
Lifestyle and Physical Activity Program
1.8

• Attaining the health fitness standard requires
  only moderate physical activity
• For high physical fitness, a high-intensity
  exercise program is required

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Fitness Programs Provide
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness

• Multiple health benefits
• Economic benefits

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Selected Health Benefits
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness

• Improves cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular
  strength, and muscular endurance
• Helps maintain recommended body weight and lean
  body mass
• Increases resting metabolic rate
• Improves the immune system
• Decreases risk for chronic diseases
  (cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes,
  hypertension, osteoporosis)

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Selected Health Benefits
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness

• Relieves tension and stress
• Raises energy levels and job productivity
• Encourages positive lifestyle habits
• Promotes psychological wellness
• Helps maintain independent living
• Extends longevity and slows down the aging
  process
• Improves quality of life

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Health Care Costs in the U.S. for Selected Years
1.9
31
Estimated 1989 and 1997 Healthcare Costs per
Person for Selected Countries
1.10

• U.S. spends more on yearly health care per person
  than any other industrialized nation
• Yet U.S. health care ranks 37th in the world
• One reason for low ranking is overemphasis on
  state-of-the art cures instead of prevention

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Healthy Lifestyle Habits
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness

• Participate in a lifetime physical activity
  program
• Do not smoke cigarettes
• Eat three nutritious meals each day
• Avoid meaningless snacking
• Maintain healthy weight
• Get enough sleep

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Healthy Lifestyle Habits
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness

• Control stress
• Be wary of alcohol
• Surround yourself with healthy friendships
• Be informed about the environment
• Increase education
• Take personal safety measures

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2010 National Health Objectives
1.11

• Two unique goals of the 2010 national health
  objectives emphasize increased quality and years
  of healthy life and seek to eliminate health
  disparities among all groups of people

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Critical Thinking
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness

• What are your feelings about lifestyle habits
  that enhance health and longevity?
• How important are they to you?
• What obstacles keep you from adhering to such
  habits or incorporating new ones into your life?

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• Take the Stairs

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A Personalized Approach In this course you will
learn to
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness

• Implement motivational and behavior modification
  techniques for wellness
• Determine whether medical clearance is needed for
  exercise participation

• Conduct a nutrient analysis and follow
  recommendations for adequate nutrition
• Write your own nutrition and weight-control
  programs

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A Personalized Approach In this course you will
learn to
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness

• Assess your health-related and skill-related
  components of fitness
• Write exercise prescriptions for
  cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength
  and endurance, and muscular flexibility

• Understand the relationship between fitness and
  aging
• Determine your levels of tension and stress,
  lessen your vulnerability to stress, and
  implement a stress management program if necessary

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A Personalized Approach In this course you will
learn to
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Physical Activity and Exercise Defined
Surgeon Generals Report
Fitness Standards Health vs Physical Fitness
Benefits of Fitness

• Write objectives to improve your fitness and
  wellness and learn how to chart a wellness
  program for the future
• Differentiate myths and facts about exercise and
  health-related concepts

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End of Chapter