Wheelock Chapter 1

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Wheelock Chapter 1

• Verbs 1st and 2nd Conjugation Present
  Infinitive, Indicative, and Imperative Active
• Translating

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Verbs

• Verbs have 5 characteristics
• Person
• Number
• Tense
• Voice
• Mood

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Characteristics of Verbs

• PERSON
• Who is the subject?
• (performs or receives the action)
• 1st I, we
• 2nd you, you all
• 3rd he, she, it, they

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Characteristics of Verbs

• NUMBER
• How many subject are there?
• Singular
• Plural

5
Characteristics of Verbs

• TENSE
• When does the action happen?
• Present happens now, in general
• Future will happen
• Imperfect was happening, used to happen
• Perfect happened, has happened
• Future Perfect will have happened
• Pluperfect had happened

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Characteristics of Verbs

• MOOD
• How does the action happen?
• Indicative indicates facts
• Imperative orders actions
• Subjunctive describes hypothetical or potential
  actions

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Characteristics of Verbs

• VOICE
• Does the subject perform the action or receive
  it?
• Active subject does the action
• Passive action is done to the subject

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Conjugation Personal Endings

• Conjugation is changing the form of a verb to
  show person, number, tense, voice, mood
• Personal Endings tell the person, number and
  voice of a verb
• sg pl
• 1st person -o -mus
• 2nd person -s -tis
• 3rd person -t -nt

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Present Infinitive Active The Present STEM

• The present infinitive active is the verb form
  that means to VERB
• 1st and 2nd conjugation infinitives end in ARE
  and ERE
• The STEM is the infinitive minus the -RE
• To conjugate, add the personal endings to the
  STEM
• LAUDARE (to praise) MONERE (to advise)
• laudo laudamus moneo monemus
• laudas laudatis mones monetis
• laudat laudant monet monent

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Conjugating Translating Verbs

• LAUDARE (to praise)
• laudo I praise laudamus we praise
• laudas you praise laudatis yall praise
• laudat s/he/it praises laudant they praise
• MONERE (to advise)
• moneo I advise monemus we advise
• mones you advise monetis yall advise
• monet s/he/it advises monent they advise

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Translating Verbs

• The PRESENT TENSE represents action happening
  NOW, or IN GENERAL.
• There are 3 ways to translate it
• I verb in general (simple present)
• I am verbing now (present progressive)
• I do verb emphasis (emphatic present)

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Present Active Imperative

• Same stem as other present forms
• SG command infinitive RE
• lauda mone
• praise! advise!
• PL command infinitive RE TE
• laudate monete
• praise! Advise!

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Translating Latin

• Read the whole sentence aloud
• Read for comprehension think about the meanings
  of individual words
• The verb often comes last
• Examine the endings on the verb(s)
• Look for nouns or pronouns subjects
• SOV subject object verb
• BONAM FORTUNAM!

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Latina est gaudium et utilis!

• Conversational Latin
• Salve!/Salvete!
• Discipulus/Discipula
• Discipuli/Discipulae
• Magister/Magistra
• Vale!/Valete!