Region Growth Presentation

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Mass Notification Systems in the Terminal
Environment
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Presenters
Rajeev K. Arora, P.E. Executive Vice
President Arora Engineers, Inc. Gary
Pollack Director of Emergency Educational
Comm. Atlas Sound Innovative Electronic
Designs Divisions of Mitek Communications Group
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Goals
To discuss Mass Notification Systems To
understand the role of Mass Notification in
Aviation facilities.
Look at the use of consolidated systems to meet
this need at Airports around the globe.
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Presentation Overview

• Introduction
• What is Mass Notification?
• Existing Systems and Current Landscape
• Advantages of a Mass Notification System
• Implementation of a Mass Notification System
• Questions

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Introduction
SCENARIO 1 A Fire occurs in the Arrivals Hall of
Terminal 3, causing the activation of the Fire
Alarm System and the Emergency Response Procedure
to be executed. How are people arriving at
airport seeking parking notified that Terminal 3
Garage is closed?
SCENARIO 2 A Fire/Non Fire Emergency occurs and
requires the Facility to move people to an Area
of Refuge and/or Evacuate the premises landside
or airside. How are passengers actions managed
throughout this process?
SCENARIO 3 The Fire Alarm System is activated,
however the response from the occupants in the
Gate Area. Check Point, Ticket Lobby is
non-existent and the messaging is not
intelligible. What methods are in place to make
sure that the occupants follow the fire
evacuation plan?
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Emergency Management and Notification requires
the ability to deliver clear and concise
direction to all occupants. To do this, the
message must be delivered though the use of
intelligible audible, visual, and textual/graphic
methods. A well designed and implemented Mass
Notification System will improve Human Response
in Emergency Situations and limit potential loss
of life
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What is your Emergency Response Plan?
Have your Priorities changed since 9/11?
Security Breach Viral Outbreak Weather
Events Chemical Spills Maintenance Emergencies
Fire Terrorist Events
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Fire Alarm System
TRADITIONALBUILDINGFIREALARMSYSTEM
EMERGENCY
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What is Mass Notification?
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MNS is
A management tool that provides detailed
instructions and information to occupants and
responders.

• The objective of mass notification is to manage
  people's actions during and after an incident or
  event
• Directions must give specific directions.
  Proceed to _____ now
• Use of the system is not limited to emergencies
• Messages may be localized or multiple messages
  transmitted to different areas simultaneously

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An MNS may be installed in a single building, a
campus or a large geographic area. Notification
combines the use of synchronized audible and
visual communications tones, intelligible voice,
visible signaling, textual, and graphical
information.
The instructions should be multi-lingual and may
be pre-recorded or live. Messages may also be
sent to computers, two-way radios, pagers, mobile
and fixed telephones, PDAs, etc.
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The Origin

• The modern concept of mass notification began
  with DoD.
• The Kobar Tower Report issued on 7-31-97
  concluded
• No effective alarm systems,
• No mass notification capabilities
• And that damage and loss of life could have been
  minimized
• UFC 4-010-0, DOD Minimum Antiterrorism Standards
  for Buildings
• issued7/31/2002
• UFC 4-010-01 is analogous to the building code
• Requires antiterrorism features in buildings
• UFC 4-021-01, Design and OM Mass Notification
  Systems
• issued 12/18/2002, multiple revisions since
• UFC 4-021-01 analogous to NFPA standards
• Criteria for MNS design. Installation,
  maintenance

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• Mass Notification is included in NFPA 72-2007
• A new Annex is added. Scope closely follows UFC
  4-021-01
• References to Fire Alarm in the body of the text
  modified top allow for Mass Notification where
  appropriate
• Other changes made to allow for MNS.
• Mass Notification allowed a higher priority then
  fire alarm

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Executive Order

• On June 26, 2006, Executive order issued by
  George Bush
• Titled PUBLIC ALERT AND WARNING SYSTEM
• It is the policy of the United States to have an
  effective, reliable, integrated, flexible, and
  comprehensive system to alert and warn the
  American people in situations of war, terrorist
  attack, natural disaster, or other hazards to
  public safety and well-being (public alert and
  warning system), taking appropriate account of
  the functions, capabilities, and needs of the
  private sector and of all levels of government in
  our Federal system, and to ensure that under all
  conditions the President can communicate with the
  American people.

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Existing Systems and Current Landscape
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Existing Airport Management Systems (Typical)

FIRE ALARM
TACS
INFO DISPLAY
ROAD SIGNAGE
GROUND CONTROL

• Initiation via Heat, Smoke, Manual Pull,
  Waterflow, Monitor Module Input
• Notification via Speakers, Strobes, Horns, Bells
• Control through Addressable Control Modules

• Activation via Automatic pre-programmed
  messaging or Manual Override
• Notification via Speakers
• Systems either complex wide or specific to
  terminal

• Message Display through local programming or
  through network communication via PC

• Communications through phone lines and/or Radio,
  manual messaging

• Receives information from Airline host, FAA ATC
  System, Subscription Services (FlightView)
• Displays Airline Departures and Arrivals
  Information and Advertising, Visual Paging, etc.

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Current Landscape
Management Systems Lack the Latest Technologies
Existing TACS and FIRE ALARM SYSTEM are due for
an upgrade
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Human Response in Emergencies
CHECK - IN
CHECKPOINT
DRIVING/PARKING
HOLD ROOM
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Human Response in Emergencies
the response in an Assembly building could be
expected to be slow, and in some instances,
occupants may completely ignore the signal
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Human Response in Emergencies
it is not so much the type of building that
makes a difference but the occupants perception
of their role in the building
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Current Landscape
Human Response in Emergencies
In an assembly building such as an AIRPORT,
the activation of the fire alarm without any
additional cue may not trigger any particular
response from occupants visiting these premises
Visitors act as visitors they wait to be told
and directed by staff if something is expected of
them
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Although all airports are configured differently,
the majority of Class I/Large Hub facilities host
50,000 200,000 occupants on average each day.
Many of these occupants are new to the facility
and will have no idea what to do in response to
an emergency signal.
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Intelligibility Issues
CIS SCORING CONDUCTED IN 2006 at PHL
Area Ambient Noise Level STI Tone Level FA CIS SCORE TACS- CIS SCORE
A West Ticket Lobby 71 82 .22 .46
A West Hold Room 76 85 .32 .59
A East Bag Make-up 68 83 .40 N/A
A East Pedestrian Bridge 54 87 .46 .69
B/C Baggage Claim 64 81 .42 .70
B Concourse 1st Floor 42 80 .46 N/A
B/C Food Court 63 80 .37 .68
C Hammerhead 2nd Floor 61 81 .39 .74
D Baggage Make Up 72 87 .36 N/A
D Concourse Hold Room 60 85 .39 .70
E Concourse 2nd Floor 62 81 .29 .60
E/F Link 67 80 .38 .70
F Baggage Claim 62 81 .35 .52
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Current Landscape
When do I pay attention?

• Multiple sounds and lights are part of the normal
  background
• Lack of Voice Intelligibility
• Lack of Voice Evacuation

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EGRESS Where do they go!

• Evacuation may cause more problems, then help
• Placing occupants on tarmac raises security
  concerns
• Returning to unsecured areas delays departures

Goal is to relocate screened passengers area that
allows for easy return to holding room.
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Emergency Response Plan

• Who is involved?
• Police
• Fire Department
• Maintenance
• Operations
• TSA

• Different responsibilities
• All important facets of the Emergency Response.

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Mass Notification Requires Integration of All
Relevant Systems
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System Architecture Integrating Existing Systems
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AUDIO
(FILE SOUNDS BETTER THAN ACTUAL)
FIRE ALARM AUDIO
TACS AUDIO
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INTEGRATION
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INTEGRATION
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INTEGRATION
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Advantages of an Integrated Mass Notification
System
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Consolidated System for all Scenarios
Manage Occupants Actions for the following
Emergencies
Security Breach Viral Outbreak Weather
Events Chemical Spills Maintenance Emergencies
Fire Terrorist Events
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Advantages
Improved Efficiency
ENHANCED TECHNOLOGY

• FIRE ALARM
• TACS
• FIDS
• INTEGRATION

IMPROVED RESPONSE

• INTELLIGIBILITY
• PASSENGER MOVEMENT
• EGRESS
• EMERGENCY RESPONSE

LIVES SAVED
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Challenges Involved

• What systems should be integrated to form the
  complete mass notification system?
• Who will manage and operate the facilitys mass
  notification system police, fire, airport
  operations, others?
• How do we assign the priority levels of
  potential events both emergency and no-emergency?
• How do we reduce or eliminate false activations
  and the inconvenience caused to airport and
  airline operations?
• What paging capabilities will the airlines have
  during the different types of events?
• Are fire code variances required in order to
  interface the fire and other non-fire systems?

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Questions