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Title: sta ap


1
?p????e? ded?µ???? ?a? e?????? ???s??
  • ??sta? ?a?p?????
  • kkarpou_at_gmail.com

2
Semantic web
  • ?? Web p??t????e ap? t?? Tim Berners-Lee
  • ?? ??aµa t?? Tim Berners-Lee ??a t? Web ?ta?
  • ... a goal of the Web was that, if the
    interaction between person and hypertext could be
    so intuitive that the machine-readable
    information space gave an accurate representation
    of the state of people's thoughts, interactions,
    and work patterns, then machine analysis could
    become a very powerful management tool, seeing
    patterns in our work and facilitating our working
    together through the typical problems which beset
    the management of large organizations.
  • G?a ?a ???p???se? t? ??aµ? t?? ?d?se t?? ???sµ?
    t?? S?µas????????? ?st?? (Semantic Web)

3
???sµ?? t?? Semantic Web
  • The Semantic Web is not a separate Web but an
    extension of the current one, in which
    information is given well-defined meaning, better
    enabling computers and people to work in
    cooperation.
  • Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler, Ora Lassila, The
    Semantic Web, Scientific American, May 2001

4
?? pa??? t?? Semantic Web
  • ?? Semantic Web e??a? µ?a ??a µ??f? t?? Web
    content t?? ?p???? ? s?µas?a e??a? ?ata???t?
    st??? ?p?????st??
  • Ta ?d???se? se µ?a epa??stas? ???? te?????????
    ?a? d??at?t?t?? ??a t??? ?p?????st??
  • ? ???p???s? a?t?? t?? ???µat?? e??a? p??? d?s????
    p??? t? pa???
  • ? a??? ???eta? p??s??t??ta? s?µas????????
    s????asµ? (semantic annotation) st?? p???? web
    content

5
?fa?µ???? st?? s?µas???????? ?st?
  • S?µas???????? a?a??t?s? se µ??a??? a?a??t?s??
  • ???es? t?? d??µ??????? p????? st?? ????da
  • ???s? agents ??a e??es? p????f?????
  • ???es? t?? e-shop µe t? ft???te?? t?µ? ??a ??a
    s???e???µ??? p?????
  • S?µas???????? portals

6
? pa???sµ??? ?st?? s?µe?a
  • S????? ap? ?st?se??de? ?a? d?as??d?se??
  • ???a? ??a? t??p?? a?apa??stas?? t?? p????f???a?
  • ? a?apa??stas? ?a? ? s?ed?asµ?? ???eta? ap? t???
    developers
  • ?? ???ste? p??pe? ?a e?µ??e???? t?? p????f???a
  • ?? ?p?????st?? e??a? ?pe?????? µ??? ??a t??
    pa???s?as?
  • ?? ?p?????st?? de? µp????? ?a epe?e??ast??? t??
    p????f???a
  • ?? ???µa t?? p????f???a? e??a? d?a??s?µ? µ??? se
    a?t??? p?? ????????? ?a?? a??????

7
?? e??a? ad??at? st? WWW s?µe?a
  • ????p???a e??t?µata p?? apa?t??? background
    knowledge
  • p?. e??es? ???? p?? ???s?µ?p????? sonar e?t??
    ap? t?? ???te??de? ?a? ta de?f???a
  • ???es? p????f???a? se data repositories
  • ?a??d??t???? p????f???e?
  • ??µ?? ap? p?????ta ?a? ?p??es?e?
  • ?p?te??sµata ap? pe???µata sta a????p??a ????d?a
  • ???es? ?a? ???s? web services
  • ????es? p???p????? e??as??? se web agents
  • ???t?s? pa??t?? d?a??p?? se µ???? µe
    s???e???µ??e? apa?t?se?? p.?. ???? ?e?µ???as?a,
    ???assa, a?????? ???ssa

8
???? e??a? t? p??ß??µa
  • Se µ?a t?p??? web page
  • H Markup p????f???a ap?te?e?ta? ap?
  • p????f???e? pa???s?as?? p.?. µ??e???
    ??aµµat?se???? ?a? ???µa
  • d?as??d?se?? se s?et??? pe??e??µe??
  • ?? s?µas???????? pe??e??µe?? e??a? p??sß?s?µ?
    st??? ???ste?, a??? ??? e????a st??? ?p?????st??
  • ?pa?te?ta? t??????st?? ?ata???s? t?? f?s????
    ???ssa?

9
??s? p??s???? s?µas????????? markup
  • ???s???? s????asµ?? st?? web pages
  • ? s?µas??????a d??eta? ???s?µ?p????ta? ??t?????e?
  • ?? ??t?????e? pa?????? t? ?e??????? t?? ???? p??
    ???s?µ?p?????ta? st? s????asµ?
  • ???? ???? µp????? ?a s??µat?st??? ap? t?
    s??d?asµ? ?pa????t??
  • ? s?µas??????a (t? ???µa) a?t?? t?? ???? e??a?
    t?p??? ???sµ???
  • ??a ßas??? apa?t?s? e??a? ? ?pa??? µ?a? standard
    web ontology language

10
?? µ?st??? e??a? ta µetaded?µ??a
  • ?????? saf? t?? p????f???a p?? e??a? a???st?
  • making explicit the implicit
  • ????t??? t?? p????f???a ??a a?a??t?s?,
    epe?e??as?a ?a? e??p???s?
  • ?etaded?µ??a pe????af??
  • ?ed?µ??a p?? pe?????f??? t? pe??e??µe?? ?a? t?
    s?µas?a t?? p????
  • ???? ???? p??pe? ?a µ????e t?? ?d?a ???ssa
  • ??t?????e?
  • ??aµ???a??µe?a ?a? ????? ?e??????a
  • G?a µ??a??? e??es?? ?a? p???t??e?
  • ??aµ???a??µe?? ?a? ????? ?ata???s? e??? ped???
    e?d?af????t??
  • ?pa?a?t?te? ??a a?ta??a?? ?a? a?a??t?s?
  • S?µpe?asµat?????a
  • ??a???? ?a???????a? ???s?? ?a? µetaded?µ???? ap?
    t?? ?p?????sa ???s?

11
S?µas????????? ?st???a? ??t?????e?
  • ?? ??t?????e? p??sf????? µ?a e??????????? ?e???a
    e??? ped??? e?d?af????t?? ?????ta? t?? ???s?
    epa?a???s?µ?p???s?µ? ?a? d?aµ???a??µe??
  • ?a ??a d?ad??t?a?? p??t?pa ?????? ?ata???t? t?
    s?µas??????a t?? p????f???a? ap? t??? ?p?????st??
  • ??at?µµ???a µ??a??? e?a????? s?µpe?asµ?t??
    pa?????? a?t?µat? ep?te??? e??as??? ????ta?
    p??sßas? st? p????f???a
  • ??a p???pt??? st?? p??sßas? ?a? epe?e??as?a t??
    p????f???a?
  • ??µ??????a ???? p??ß??µ?t?? ???? t?? µa?????
    d?µ??????a? ??t???????

12
???ß??µata se s??s? µe t?? ??t?????e?
  • ? ?e???????t? d?µ??????a ??t??????? e??a?
    dapa???? ?a? ?????ß??a
  • ???es? t??p?? ?µ?-a?t?µat?? d?µ??????a?
    ??t??????? µe t? ???s? te?????? NLP, information
    extraction, and machine intelligence
  • ??s???? ? pe????af? pe??e??µ????
  • ?pa?t???ta? t??p?? a?t?µat?? pe????af??
    pe??e??µ????
  • ???e??? µ??a??? e?a????? s?µpe?asµ?t??
  • ?e? ?p???e? µ?a standard web ontology language

13
?a ß?µata ??a t?? ???p???s? t?? semantic web
  • ??????? (evolution)
  • ?p?peda (layers)
  • S?µas???????? d?as??des? (semantic linking)
  • ?e??e??µe?? (content)

14
???????
  • ? s?µas???????? p????f???a p?? e??a? s?s?et?sµ???
    µe p???? st? d?ad??t?? (?? µetaded?µ??a)
  • ?a e?µ??e?te? ?a? ?a s??d?aste? ap? t?? µ??a??? ?
    pa?a???? ???????
  • ??a p?atf??µa ??a µ??a??? e??es?? ?a? ???p????
    p???t??e?
  • ??????? t?? s?µe????? d?ad??t??? ?ts? ?ste ?
    p????f???a ?a µp??e? ?a epe?e??aste? ap?
    a????p??? ?a? µ??a???
  • ? s?µas????????? ?st?? de? a?t??a??st? t?
    s?µe???? pa???sµ?? ?st?. ?? d?ad??t?? ??e? ?d?
    d?se?at?µµ???a se??de?.
  • ???pe? ??e? ?a e??a? s?µas?????????
  • ? s?µas????????? ?st?? ???eta? d?p?a st? s?µe????
    pa???sµ?? ?st?

15
??? ß??s??µaste s?µe?a
  • ?a???????ta? ?? ???sse? p?? ?a p?a?s??s??? t?
    s?µas???????? ?st?
  • ?a?????eta? ?a? a?apt?sseta? ? a???te?t????? ?a?
    ta e??a?e?a p?? ?a ???s?µ?p??????? st?
    s?µas???????? ?st?
  • ?p?µe?? ß?µa ? a??pt??? t???
  • ???s? t?? e??a?e??? ?a? t?? ???ss?? ??a ?a
    s?????s??? t? ????? st?? d??f??e? efa?µ????

16
?p?peda
??µaste ed?
OWL DAMLOIL SHOE
17
??? ?a ???e? ? s????asµ??
  • ?e???????ta
  • ?a?e?? de? ?a s?????se? s?µas???????? t?? se??de?
    p?? ??e? ?d? a?apt??e?, e?t?? ap?
  • ?s??? as??????ta? µe ???e ??a te???????a
  • ??? eta??e?e?
  • ??t?µat? pe????af?
  • ?pa?t???ta? te?????? epe?e??as?a? f?s???? ???ssa?
    (natural language processing)
  • ?????e?, ????, Video
  • G??ss??????? a????s?

18
?? e??a? ???s?
  • ??a s????? ap? ded?µ??a µe s?µas????????
    pe??e??µe??
  • ! ?? ??t?????e? ???s?µ?p?????ta? ??a t??
    a?apa??stas? ???s??

19
???sµ?? t?? ??t?????a?
  • St? f???s?f?a
  • ? ep?st?µ? t?? ?pa???? (???st?t????)
  • St?? ep?st?µ? ?a? st?? te???t? ???µ?s???
  • ?p?te?e?ta? ap? t?? ??t?? p??d?a??af?? t??
    a?t?????? ??a t?? ??sµ? (Gruber)
  • an explicit specification of conceptualisation
  • H t?p??? p??d?a??af? µ?a? ?????? a?t?????? ??a
    t?? ??sµ? (Borst)
  • a formal specification of a shared
    conceptualisation

20
?a ßas??? st???e?a µ?a? ??t?????a?
  • ?????e? (? ???se??)
  • ?t?d?p?te ??a t? ?p??? µp??e? ?a e?p??e? ??t?
  • S??se??
  • ??apa??st??? t?? a????ep?d??se?? µeta?? t??
    e?????? t?? ped??? ???sµ??
  • S??a?t?se??
  • ??d???? pe??pt?se?? t?? s??se??
  • ????µata
  • ?e?????f??? p??t?se?? ?? ?p??e? e??a? p??ta
    a???e??
  • St??µ??t?pa
  • ??apa??st????? s???e???µ??a st???e?a

21
??a ??t?????a
  • ?a?????e?
  • ??a ????? ?e???????
  • ??a ????? ?ata???s?
  • ??asfa???e? t?? ep????????a µeta?? agents
  • ???a? µetaded?µ??a p?? a?apa??st??? saf?? t?
    s?µas??????a t?? ded?µ???? µe t??p? ?ata???t? ap?
    t??? ?p?????st??
  • ???a? µ?a s?????? p????f?????
  • ??a a??e?? p?? ?a?????e? t?? s??se?? µeta?? t??
    e??????

22
G?at? ??e?a??µaste t?? ??t?????e?
  • ????s? t?? ??f?a??? p????f???a?
  • ??s????te?? ? p??sßas?, ? e??es? ?a? ? s????? t??
    p????f???a?
  • ?? µe???? ?e?? µeta?? t?? s?µas?a? t??
    p????f???a? ?a? t?? ?ata????µ???? p????f???a?
  • ??s???? ? e??p???s? t?? p????f???a?
  • ??s???? ? d?aµ???as? ?a? d?a?e???s? t?? ???s??
  • ?e? µ????? ???? ?? ?????p?? t?? ?d?a ???ssa

23
??t?????e? ?a? ß?se?? ded?µ????
  • ??a ß?s? ded?µ???? e??a? ??a s????? ap? p??a?e?
    ?a? ?a? ?? µeta?? t??? s??se??
  • ??a ??t?????a pe????e? s??ta?t??? ?a?
    s?µas???????? p???s??te?? p????f???a ap? t??
    ß?se?? ded?µ????
  • ? p????f???a p?? pe?????feta? ap? µ?a ??t?????a
    pe????e? ?µ?-d?µ?µ??? ?e?µe?? se f?s??? ???ssa
    ?a? ??? p????f???a e??? s?es?a??? p??a?a
  • ??a ??t?????a p??pe? ?a e??a? d??t?a???
    a???te?t?????? ??at? ???s?µ?p??e?ta? ??a t?
    d?aµ???asµ? t?? p????f???a?.

24
??ad??as?a a??pt???? µ?a? ??t?????a?
  • ???es? t?? s??p?? t?? ??t?????a?
  • S??????
  • ??? e?????? t?? ??t?????a?
  • ??? s??se?? µeta?? t?? e??????
  • ??? ???? µe t??? ?p????? ?a a?af????ta? ??
    ?????e? ?a? ?? s??se??
  • ???sµ?? d??f???? a???µ?t??
  • ??sa???? st??µ??t?p??
  • ??d???p???s? t?? ??t?????a? se µ?a s???e???µ???
    ???ssa
  • ????????s?
  • ?e?µ????s?

25
?a??de??µa
Property HasParent domain, range
Animal Subproperty HasFather, domain Animal
range Male
26
?fa?µ???? ??t???????
  • S?st?µata d?a?e???s?? ???s??
  • ???te??p???s? ???s??
  • ?et?f?as? p????f???a?
  • ??e?t?????? eµp????
  • ????t?s? ???s?? ?a? p????f???a?
  • ??aµes??aß?t?? ßas?sµ???? st?? ??t?????e?
  • ?pe?e??as?a f?s???? ???ssa?
  • ?ata???s? f?s???? ???ss??
  • ?et?f?as? µeta?? f?s???? ???ss??
  • S?µas????????? ?st?? ?a? ?p??es?e?
  • ???s???? s?µas??????a? st?? ?st?se??de?
  • ?????f???a ??a t? s?µas??????a t?? ?p??es??? t??
    pa???sµ??? ?st??

27
?fa?µ???? ??t???????
  • WWW applications (Semantic Web)
  • E-commerce
  • Multiagent systems
  • Multimedia
  • Telecommunications
  • Knowledge engineering
  • Natural language processing
  • Information integration
  • Information retrieval
  • Digital libraries

28
G??sse? a?apa??stas?? ??t???????
  • ?a?ad?s?a??? ???sse?
  • ?at?????µat??? ?????? p??t?? t????
  • ?????? p?a?s???
  • ?e????af??? ??????
  • ?a?ade??µata Carin, Flogic, Loom, OCML,
    Ontolingua
  • Web-based ???sse?
  • ? s??ta?? t??? ßas??eta? st?? XML
  • G??sse? p?? a?apt?????a? ??a ?a a?apa?ast?s???
    s???e???µ??e? ??t?????e? ?a? ?a ???s?µ?p???????
    se s???e???µ??e? efa?µ????
  • ?a?ade??µata CycL, GRAIL, NKRL

29
??? d?af????? ?? ???sse? ??t???????
  • S??ta??
  • ???????a
  • Class-concept
  • Instance-object
  • Slot-property
  • ??f?ast???t?ta
  • ??t? p?? µp????µe ?a e?f??s??µe se µ?a ???ssa de?
    µp????µe se µ?a ????
  • S?µas??????a
  • ? ?d?a d???s? µp??e? ?a s?µa??e? d?af??et???
    p???µata se d?af??et???? ???sse?

30
Web-based ???sse?
  • Simple HTML ontology extensions (SHOE)
  • Ontology exchange language (XOL)
  • Ontology markup language (OML and KML)
  • Resource description Framework schema language
    (RDFS)
  • DARPA agent markup language (DAML)
  • Ontology interchange language (OIL)
  • Ontology Web Language (OWL)

31
Web-based ???sse?
32
XML
  • ?aµ???? ep?p?d?? µ??t??? ded?µ????
  • ?e? µp??e? ?a ???s?µ?p????e? ??a d?µ??????a
    ??t??????? e?e?d??e?µ???? ped??? ? ??t????????
    ?e???????? ?a? de? µp??e? ?a ???s?µ?p???se?
    ßas???? ??t???????? a???? µ??te??p???s??
  • ?e? e??a? ?at?????? ??a d?aµ???a??µe?e? p????
    st?? pa???sµ?? ?st?
  • ?e d?a??te? µ??a?? s?µpe?asµat?????a?

33
RDF
  • ????????ta? ??a t?? a?apa??stas? µetaded?µ????
  • S?st??eta? ap? t? W3C
  • ??p?p???µ??? µ??t??? ded?µ????
  • ??p?p???µ??? XMLs s??ta?t??? (namespaces)
  • ?p?????? parsers and Apis
  • ???e? ??a t?? d?µ??????a e?tetaµ???? ?e????????

34
?e?????sµ?? t?? RDF
  • ???? ad??aµ? s?µas???????? a?apa??stas?
  • ?e? pe?????fe? ?a?? t? ???µa t?? p????f???a?
  • ?e? d?a??te? µ??a?? s?µpe?asµat?????a?

35
DAMLOIL
  • ??µ?????????e ap? t?? US Defense Advanced
    Research project agency (DARPA) se s??e??as?a µe
    t?? EU committee on agent markup languages
  • ????? d?µ???????e? p????? ??t?????e? µe t??
    DAMLOIL ?a? e??a? d?a??s?µe? se ?????
  • ?as??eta? st?? RDF Schema
  • ???????? t?? OWL (standard web ontology language)

36
??d? e??a?e??? ??t???????
  • Ontology Development Tools
  • Ontology Editors and browsers
  • Ontology graphical edition
  • Ontology Translators
  • Ontology library management
  • Ontology merge and alignment tools
  • Ontology based annotation tools
  • Ontology querying tools and inference engines
  • Ontology learning tools
  • Ontology documentation
  • Ontology population
  • Ontology evaluation
  • Ontology Evolution

37
(No Transcript)
38
Web services
  • ??????µµata ?a? s?s?e??? p?? e??a? p??sß?s?µe?
    st?? pa???sµ?? ?st?
  • ?????? e??as?e? p?? µp??e? ?a e??a? ap? p???
    ap??? a?a??t?se?? µ???? p???p???e?
    ep??e???µat???? ?e?t?????e?
  • Ta µetat?????? t?? pa???sµ?? ?st? ap? µ?a s??????
    p????f????? se ??a ?ata?eµ?µ??? d??t?? ?p??es???
  • ?pa?t??? s?µas???????? a????s? t?? p????f???a?

39
Web services
  • UDDI ?p??es?a ?ata????? ?p?? ?????ta? e???af??
    ?a? a?a??t?se?? web services
  • WSDL ???ssa pe????af?? t?? web services
  • SOAP p??t?????? ep????????a? ??a t?? p??sßas? se
    µ?a web service

40
? ???s?µ?t?ta t?? s?µas??????a? ??a t?? web
services
  • ?? ?p??es?e? t?? ?st?? ?a ep?fe?????? ap? t??
    ???s? t?? s?µas??????a?
  • H DAML e??e s?ed?aste? ?a pa???e? ??t?????e? ?a?
    pe????af??? ?????? ??a ?p??es?e? ??a t?? e??s??s?
    t?? d?a?e?t???????t?ta?
  • ? s?µas????????? ?st?? pa???e? e?tetaµ???
    s?µas???????? p?a?s?? ??a t?? pe????af? ?a? t??
    pa???s?as? s?µas????????? pe??e??µ????
  • ?? pa???e?
  • ??a?e?t???????t?ta
  • ??t?µat? s???es? ?p??es???
  • ???sßas? st? ???s? t?? d?ad??t???

41
DAML-S Darpa Agent Markup Language for Services
  • ??a upper ??t?????a ??a t?? pe????af? t??
    ?d??t?t?? ?a? t?? ??a??t?t?? t?? agents ?a? t??
    web services
  • DAMLOIL ??t?????a ??a ?p??es?e? st?? pa???sµ??
    ?st?
  • ?µp?e?sµ??? ap? t?? ???sse? pe????af?? t??
    te???t?? ???µ?s????
  • ??f?ast???t?ta
  • ?a?? ?a????sµ??? s?µas??????a
  • ??t?????e? ??a a?t?st????s?, epa?a???s?µ?p???s?,
    ?p?st?????
  • ???at?t?ta a?t?µat?? web services ?a? ???s? ap?
    agents
  • ???at?t?ta pa?a????? s?µpe?asµ?t?? se web services
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