SATCOM Transformation Opportunities QuickLook Analysis of Alternatives

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POLAR MAX 200525 - 27 October 2005Silver
Spring, MarylandFuture Sensor Apps Space
Environment
Dr. William F. Denig Space Vehicles
Directorate Air Force Research Laboratory William.
denig_at_hanscom.af.mil DSN 478-3484 / 781
377-3484 Presented by Dr. Rodney Viereck Space
Environment Center National Weather
Service Rodney.Viereck_at_noaa.gov 303 497-7348
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SPACE WEATHER IMPACTSTechnological
Vulnerabilities

• September 1859 Telegraph communications failure
  (France) Carrington solar flare observations
• January 1926 International wireless
  communication disruptions broadcast telegraph
  services fail
• September 1941 Fadeout of transatlantic
  short-wave channels international communications
  breakdown
• August 1972 Voltage surges on telephone cables
  230,000-volt transformer explodes (Canada)
• March 1989 Major power failure in Canada (Hydro
  Quebec) 1,300 NORAD space-track objects lost
• September 1989 Measured radiation levels for
  exposed astronauts at lethal levels
• March 1990 MARECS-1 satellite (ESA) lost
• January 1994 Anik E1 satellite (Canada) lost
• October 2003 - Airlines rerouted polar flights
  ADEOS-2 satellite (Japan) lost

Sun-Earth Connection
Solar Cycle
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POLICY / DIRECTIONRequirements Traceability
The DoD and DOC have a responsibility to assess
the impact of the space environmental on civil
and defense communities

• Direction to the DoD/AF is contained in Air Force
  Basic Doctrine (AF Doctrine Document AFDD-1,
  dated 17 November 2003)
• Weather services provided by the Air Force
  supply timely and accurate environmental
  information, including both space environment and
  atmospheric weather . . . .
• Direction to the DOC/NOAA for space environmental
  monitoring is contained in Public Law USC Title
  15 Section 313 Organic Act (Duties of Secretary
  of Commerce)
• The Secretary of Commerce shall have charge of
  the forecasting of weather, the issue of storm
  warnings, the display of weather and flood
  signals . . . .

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CURRENT SWx ARCHITECTUREIncludes DMSP, POES
GOES
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CURRENT SWx PRODUCTSDoD System Specific
Applications
Reference Bishop et al, Radio Science, 2004
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CURRENT SWx PRODUCTSDOC Environmental
Assessments
Tiger Plots NASA SRAG
Solar Protons Commercial Airlines
Auroral Oval Plots
POES data provided by D.S. Evans, NOAA/SEC See
also Johnson et al., AMS Bulletin, 1994
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NPOESS Space Environment Sensor Suite

• Measures the near-Earth space environment
• energetic charged particles
• electron and neutral density profiles
• electric and magnetic fields
• optical signatures of aurora.
• Primary sensor suite for satisfying 13 EDRs

• Functional Specification
• Multiple sensors required to measure and process
  a divergent set of space environmental EDRs
• Program Status
• SESS manifested for C2-5
• Developmental contracts pending program
  rebaseline
• Data latency 15-25 minutes

DMSP Imagery Aurora over Greenland
Image courtesy of NOAA/NGDC
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NPOESS SESS SENSORS Maintaining DMSP/POES Heritage
Sensor allocations by orbit
Low Energy Particle Sensor Heritage - SSJ5
UltraViolet Disk Imager Heritage SSUSI
Medium/High Energy Particle Sensors Heritage
MEPED
Thermal Plasma Sensor Heritage SSIES
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NPOESS USER SATISFACTION MATRIX Includes DMSP,
POES, METOP SWARM
2130 (C1)
1730 (C6)
1730 (C3)
2130 (C4)
1330 (C5)
1330 (C2)
Orbit EDR
G
G
Y
G
G
Y
Auroral Particles
G
G
Y
G
G
Y
Auroral Energy Deposition
O
O
O
O
O
Y
Electron Density Profile
O
O
O
O
O
Y
Neutral Density Profile
R
R
Y
G
G
Y
Energetic Ions
O
O
O
O
O
O
Ionospheric Scintillation (P3I)
G
G
Y
G
G
Y
Med. Energy Particles
G
G
G
G
G
Y
Electric Field
G
G
G
G
G
Y
Auroral Imagery
G
G
G
G
G
G
Auroral Boundary
R
R
R
R
G
G
Geomagnetic Field (P3I)
G
G
G
G
G
Y
In-Situ Plasma Temps
G
G
G
G
G
Y
In-Situ Plasma Fluctuations

• Sensors Removed from Originally Proposed Suite
• UV-Limb (Partially satisfied by UV-Disk
• Magnetometer (Moved to P3I and ESA SWARM
  Mission)
• RF Beacon (Moved to P3I)
• GPSOS

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NPOESSImproved User Satisfaction

• NPOESS Transmitted Data Latency
• 60 130 minutes for POES
• 1 30 minutes for NPOESS

Latency (minutes)
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NEAR-TERM SWx PRODUCT GAIM (DOC DoD)
Global Assimilation of Ionospheric Measurements

• Inputs
• Extensive real-time inputs from space and
  ground-based platforms
• Physics-based models,
• Output
• 3-D specification and forecast of the Ionosphere

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MID-TERM SWx PRODUCT SEEFS (1 of 2)
Space Environmental Effects Fusion System
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MID-TERM SWx PRODUCT SEEFS (2 of 2)
Example Radar Auroral Clutter Map
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FAR-TERM SWx PRODUCT Joule Heating
Space-based Method to Estimate Global Joule
Heat
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CONCLUDING REMARKS Space Environmental Sensor
Suite

• NPOESS is an integral part of a national strategy
  for space weather monitoring
• SESS included in all 3 NPOESS orbit planes, C2-5
• SESS satisfies requirements for 11 space EDRs
• New product developments within the AF and NOAA
  will use exploit SESS EDRs