New Threats Designer Drugs

1
New ThreatsDesigner Drugs

• Ms. Tanita Nakin
• Senior Drug Demand Reduction Advisor
• Office of the Narcotics Control Board, Thailand

2
Designer Drugs - Definition
3
Designer Drugs - Definition
Molecular structure change
4
Designer Drugs - Definition
5
Types of Designer Drugs
6
Method of Administer/Use

• Inject
• Smoke
• Snort
• Ingest

7
Designer Drugs Street Names

• XTC, Ecstasy, Love
• Adam, Eve, Martin
• Lovers Speed
• GHB
• Special K
• Yaba
• Shabu
• Crank
• Ice
• Glass

• Ketamine
• Angel dust
• Embalming fluid
• Killer weed
• Rocket fuel
• Supergrass
• Ozone
• Wack
• Killer joint
• Club drugs

8
Effects Physical Symptoms

• Hypertension
• Increased heart rate
• Clenched teeth
• Blurred vision
• Uncontrolled tremors
• Drooling
• Anorexia
• Nausea and vomiting
• Dehydration and heat exhaustion

• Impaired speech
• Total paralysis
• Chills and sweating
• Respiratory depression
• Seizures
• Permanent brain damage
• Death

9
Effects Psychological aspects

• Confusion
• Irritability
• Severe anxiety
• Extreme emotional sensitivity
• Irrational thinking
• Depression
• Amnesia
• Violent behavior
• Insomnia
• Hallucinations

10
Dangers of Designer Drugs

• manufactured by underground chemists with
  little or no quality control
• the drugs they offer certainly do not meet FDA
  standards (safety, efficacy, purity)

11
Pattern and Trend of ATS Abuse
12
Countries ranking ATS as primary or secondary
drug of abuse, 2006

• Secondary drugs
• of abuse
• China
• Vietnam
• Australia

• Primary drugs
• of abuse
• Brunei
• Japan
• Philippines

13
Primary form of ATS in the Region
14
Drug abuse trends in the region, 2003-2006- ATS
The trend in ATS abuse has been on a continuous
increase since 2003 or 2004 in 8 of the DAINAP
countries.
15
Methamphetamine pill abuse trend, 2006
Five countries, Cambodia, China, Lao PDR,
Myanmar and Viet Nam, have reported increasing
abuse trends for methamphetamine in pill form
since 2003.
16
Methamphetamine crystal abuse trend, 2006
Cambodia, China, and Thailand - reported
increasing abuse trends for methamphetamine in
crystal. China and Thailand have reported
increasing trends for crystal methamphetamine
abuse since 2003. This is the first year Cambodia
reported a trend in methamphetamine in crystal
form.
17
Countries in the region with an increasing abuse
trend in at least one form of ATS, 2004-2006
18
Drug abuse trends in the region, 2006
Thailand has reported a four year decrease in
methamphetamine pill abuse, while at the same
time crystal methamphetamine abuse has been
increasing since 2003. Cambodia reported a trend
in crystal methamphetamine abuse for the first
time in 2006.
Latest reported trend was 2005
19
Drug abuse trends in the region, 2006
The ketamine abuse trend was reported as
increasing in China. Large seizures have been
made in China and Hong Kong SAR in both 2005 and
2006. In Viet Nam, although no abuse trend for
ketamine was reported, some pills seized as ATS
have been found to contain ketamine following
forensic analysis.
Latest reported trend was 2005
20
Ketamine Seizure, 2006
21
Statistics of Drug Seizure in Thailand 2003 - 2006
22
ATS (million tablets)
Heroin (kg)
Amount of Drug Trend(2003-2006)
Marihuana (kg)
Inhalent (kg)
ICE (kg)
Kratom (kg)
Cocaine (kg)
23
other 19.6
around body 4
Food box 4.6
Inside body 20.6
Conceal Method
luggage 12.6
vehicle 18.5
clothing 20.1
24
Swallow or put in the mouth
25
Significant seizure of CLUB DRUGS
26
Significant seizure of CLUB DRUGS
27
Significant seizure of CLUB DRUGS
28
Besides chemical compound drugs which mostly are
imported designer drugs, there are plant based
drugs or local plants that are abused as
psychotropic substances
29
Kratom plant

• Scientific terminology Mitragyna speciosa
  Korth.
• Common name ???????, kratom
• Thai central language E-tang
• Thai Southern language Tom
• Malaysia Biak-biak

30
Kratom (green stalk)
31
Flowers of Kratom
32
Kratom in peoples way of life

• Kratom is a local plant
• - mainly found in Southern and Central part of
  Thailand
• - Malaya Peninsula

• Used as herbal medicine by Thai traditional
  doctors
• Popular among laborers Farmer, Fisherman and
  Rural people
• Used for welcoming, served with water

33
Thai Medical Use

• Against stomachache

• Against dysentery

• Against of diarrhea

Can halt the flowing of acid in stomach and
refrain hungry (similar to morphine)

• Against toxin (mixed with other herbals)

34
Attitude of User

• Believe that kratom is not harmful
• Not waste because no need to purchase
• Work longer
• Make unity in community, no problem occur
• Users are not disgusted by non-users
• Group working among kratom users

35
Behaviour of using Kratom
36
New Form of Designer Drugs Form Local Plant
37
1-2-Call
4 x 100
38
4x100
Findings from lab. Analysis 1.Mitragyna
speciosa - stimulants 2. Caffeine (suspect from
softdrink) - stimulants 3. Dyfenhydramine(from
cough syrup) depressant
39
How to use
In the past, chew the fresh leaf followed by
drinking water, tea or coffee
At the present, boil grinded dried leaves (filter
out leaves before use) mixed with cough syrup,
coke or coffee or energy drink or psychotropic
substances category 4 alprazolam,
chlordiazepoxide, clorazepate, diazepam, lorazepam
40
THANK YOU