Chapter 4 Opener

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Chapter 4 Opener
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Figure 4.1 How the human eye magnifies
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Figure 4.2 Compound light microscope
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Figure 4.2 Compound light microscope (Part 1)
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Figure 4.2 Compound light microscope (Part 2)
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Figure 4.3 Resolving power or resolution
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Figure 4.3 Resolving power or resolution
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Figure 4.4 Nonhomogeneous and homogeneous
immersion
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Figure 4.4 Nonhomogeneous and homogeneous
immersion
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Figure 4.5 Objective lens
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Figure 4.6 Dyes
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Figure 4.7 Various stains used for bacteria and
archaea
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Figure 4.7 Various stains used for bacteria and
archaea
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Figure 4.8 Phase contrast microscopy
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Box 4.1 The Gram Stain
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Box 4.1 The Gram Stain
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Figure 4.9 Fluorescence microscopy
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Box 4.2 The Darkfield Microscope
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Box 4.2 The Darkfield Microscope (Part 1)
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Box 4.2 The Darkfield Microscope (Part 2)
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Figure 4.10 Confocal Microscope
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Figure 4.10 Confocal Microscope (Part 1)
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Figure 4.10 Confocal Microscope (Part 2)
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Figure 4.11 Confocal laser microscopy
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Figure 4.12 Natural community
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Figure 4.13 Transmission electron microscope
(TEM)
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Figure 4.14 Illumination in light and electron
microscopes
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Figure 4.14 Illumination in light and electron
microscopes (Part 1)
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Figure 4.14 Illumination in light and electron
microscopes (Part 2)
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Figure 4.14 Illumination in light and electron
microscopes (Part 3)
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Figure 4.15 Resolution in light and electron
microscopy
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Figure 4.15 Resolution in light and electron
microscopy
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Figure 4.16 Thin section of a gram-negative
bacterium
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Figure 4.17 Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
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Figure 4.18 SEM-elemental analysis of manganese
and iron
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Figure 4.18 SEM-elemental analysis of manganese
and iron
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Figure 4.19 Atomic force microscope
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Figure 4.20 Atomic force microscopy
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Figure 4.21 Typical bacterial and archaeal shapes
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Figure 4.22 Coccus and rod shape showing binary
transverse fission
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Figure 4.23 Bacilli, or rods
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Figure 4.24 Curved and helical cells
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Figure 4.25 Prosthecate bacterium
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Figure 4.26 Mycelial bacterium
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Figure 4.27 Filamentous bacteria
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Figure 4.28 Cross section of bacterial cell
envelopes
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Figure 4.28 Cross section of bacterial cell
envelopes (Part 1)
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Figure 4.28 Cross section of bacterial cell
envelopes (Part 2)
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Figure 4.29 Appearance of DNA by electron
microscopy
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Figure 4.30 DNA strands released from cell
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Figure 4.31 Supercoiled DNA
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Figure 4.32 Protein synthesis
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Figure 4.32 Protein synthesis
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Figure 4.33 Ribosome structure
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Figure 4.33 Ribosome structure (Part 1)
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Figure 4.33 Ribosome structure (Part 2)
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Figure 4.34 Dipicolinate
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Figure 4.35 Sporulation of an endospore-forming
bacterium
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Figure 4.35 Sporulation of an endospore-forming
bacterium
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Figure 4.36 Sporulation process
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Figure 4.36 Sporulation process (Part 1)
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Figure 4.36 Sporulation process (Part 2)
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Figure 4.37 Clostridium tetani
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Figure 4.38 Gas vacuoles and gas vesicles
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Figure 4.39 Gas vesicles
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Box 4.3 The Hammer, Cork, and Bottle Experiment
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Figure 4.40 PHB granules
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Figure 4.41 Polyphosphate granules
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Figure 4.42 Sulfur granules
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Figure 4.43 Cell diagram
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Figure 4.44 Bacterial cell membrane structure
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Figure 4.44 Bacterial cell membrane structure
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Figure 4.45 Phospholipid
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Figure 4.45 Phospholipid
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Figure 4.46 Sterols and hopanoids
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Figure 4.47 Archaeal cell membrane structure
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Figure 4.47 Archaeal cell membrane structure
(Part 1)
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Figure 4.47 Archaeal cell membrane structure
(Part 2)
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Figure 4.48 Cell walls of gram-positive and
gram-negative bacteria
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Figure 4.49 Peptidoglycan of a gram-positive
bacterium
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Figure 4.49 Peptidoglycan of a gram-positive
bacterium
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Figure 4.50 Diamino acids
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Figure 4.51 Teichoic acids
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Figure 4.51 Teichoic acids (Part 1)
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Figure 4.51 Teichoic acids (Part 2)
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Figure 4.52 Teichuronic acids
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Figure 4.53 Pseudomurein
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Figure 4.54 Protoplasts
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Figure 4.55 Outer membrane
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Figure 4.56 Polysaccharide portion of LPS
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Figure 4.57 Lipoprotein structure
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Figure 4.57 Lipoprotein structure
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Figure 4.58 Porin
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Figure 4.59 Capsule stain
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Figure 4.60 Negative stain
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Figure 4.61 Gliding motility
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Figure 4.62 Sheathed bacteria
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Figure 4.63 S-layers
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Figure 4.64 Polar flagellum (monotrichous
flagellation)
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Figure 4.65 Polar flagellar tufts (lophotrichous
flagellation)
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Figure 4.66 Peritrichous flagellation
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Figure 4.67 Flagellar structure
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Figure 4.67 Flagellar structure (Part 1)
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Figure 4.67 Flagellar structure (Part 2)
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Figure 4.67 Flagellar structure (Part 3)
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Figure 4.68 Phototaxis
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Figure 4.69 Fimbriae
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Figure 4.70 Pili
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