Focus Area 22 Physical Activity and Fitness Progress Review

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Focus Area 22Physical Activity and
FitnessProgress Review

• April 14, 2004

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Physical Activity and Fitness Benefits

• Builds and maintains healthy bones and muscles,
  controls weight, builds lean muscle, reduces fat,
  reduces blood pressure, and improves blood
  glucose control
• Decreases the risk of obesity and chronic
  diseases (CHD, high blood pressure, diabetes,
  colon cancer, and osteoporosis)
• Reduces feelings of depression and anxiety and
  promotes psychological well-being
• Related to functional independence of older
  adults and quality of life of people of all ages

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Estimated Preventable Deaths, 2000

• 2,391,399 Total Deaths

1,159,000 Preventable (48)
400,000 due to Poor Diet and Physical Inactivity
(17)
Source Anderson, RN. Deaths Leading Causes for
2000. NVSR 50(16). Hyattsville, Maryland
National Center for Health Statistics. 2002
Mokdad, AH, et.al. Actual Causes of Death in the
United States, 2000. JAMA 291(10) 1238-1245.
March 10, 2004.
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Physical Activity and Fitness Objectives
Physical Activity among Adults
22-9. Participation in daily school
PE 22-10. Physical activity in PE class 22-11.
Television viewing 22-12. Access to school
physical activity facilities
22-1. No leisure time physical activity 22-2.
Moderate regular physical activity 22-3. Vigorous
physical activity 22-4. Muscular strength and
endurance 22-5. Flexibility
Worksites and Communities
Physical Activity among Adolescents
22-13. Worksite physical activity and
fitness programs 22-14. Community walking a.
Adults b. Children and adolescents 22-15.
Community bicycling a. Adults b. Children
and adolescents
22-6. Moderate physical activity 22-7. Vigorous
physical activity 22-8. Physical education
requirement in schools a.
Middle/junior high schools b. Senior
high schools
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Highlighted Objectives
22-1. No leisure-time physical activity in
adults 22-2. Moderate, regular physical activity
in adults 22-3. Vigorous physical activity in
adults 22-7. Vigorous physical activity in
adolescents
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Data Issues/Gaps

• Complex measurement methodology
• Time / intensity
• Recall period / accuracy
• Question order
• Leisure / work / incidental
• Self-report / measured
• Measurement bias
• No standard methodology
• Data for children

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NHIS Questions forObjectives 22-1, 22-2, and 22-3
The next questions are about physical
activities (exercise, sports, physically active
hobbies...) that you may do in your LEISURE time.

• How often do you do VIGOROUS activities for AT
  LEAST 10 MINUTES that cause HEAVY sweating or
  LARGE increases in breathing or heart rate?
• How often do you do LIGHT OR MODERATE activities
  for AT LEAST 10 MINUTES that cause ONLY LIGHT
  sweating or a SLIGHT TO MODERATE increase in
  breathing or heart rate?

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Physical Activity among Adults
Some
Some
None
None
Moderate/ Vigorous
Moderate/ Vigorous
1997
2002
Note Data are for ages 18 years and over, age
adjusted to the 2000 standard population.
Moderate physical activity is regular
leisure-time physical activity (moderate activity
30 minutes/5 times a week or vigorous activity
20 minutes/3 times a week). Source National
Health Interview Survey, NCHS, CDC.
Objs. 22-1, 2
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No Physical Activity for Adults by Sex and Age
2010 Target
2010 Target
0
40
20
80
60
Age-adjusted percent
Note Data are for no leisure-time physical
activity only for ages 18 years and over, age
adjusted to the 2000 standard population. I 95
confidence interval. Source National Health
Interview Survey, NCHS, CDC.
Obj. 22-1
10
No Physical Activity for Adults by Race/Ethnicity
2010 Target
American Indian
1999
2002
Asian
Black
White
Hispanic
0
40
20
80
60
Age-adjusted percent
Note Data are for no leisure-time physical
activity only for ages 18 years and over, age
adjusted to the 2000 standard population.
American Indian includes Alaska Native. Black and
white exclude persons of Hispanic origin. Persons
of Hispanic origin may be any race. I 95
confidence interval. Source National Health
Interview Survey, NCHS, CDC.
Obj. 22-1
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No Physical Activity for Adults by Disability and
Arthritis Status
Age-adjusted percent
2010 Target
1997
2002
With
Without
With
Without
Disabilities
Arthritis
Note Data are for no leisure-time physical
activity only for ages 18 years and over, age
adjusted to the 2000 standard population. I 95
confidence interval. Arthritis data are for 2001
due to a change in the 2002 questionnaire. Source
National Health Interview Survey, NCHS, CDC.
Obj. 22-1
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BRFSS question for objective 22-1
During the past month, other than your regular
job, did you participate in any physical
activities or exercises such as running,
calisthenics, golf, gardening, or walking for
exercise?
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No Physical Activity for Adults by State, 2003
Note Data are for ages 18 years and over, age
adjusted to the 2000 standard population, for no
leisure-time physical activity. Source
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System,
NCCDPHP, CDC.
Obj. 22-1
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Moderate Physical Activity for Adults by
Sex and Age
Age-adjusted percent
2010 Target
1997
2002
2010 Target
30
0
40
10
20
50
Age-adjusted percent
Note Data are for ages 18 years and over, age
adjusted to the 2000 standard population.
Moderate physical activity is regular
leisure-time physical activity (moderate activity
30 minutes/5 times a week or vigorous activity
20 minutes/3 times a week). I 95 confidence
interval. Source National Health Interview
Survey, NCHS, CDC.
Obj. 22-2
15
Moderate Physical Activity for Adults by
Race/Ethnicity
2010 Target
American Indian
1999
Asian
2002
Black
White
Hispanic
30
0
40
10
20
50
Age-adjusted percent
Note Data are for ages 18 years and over, age
adjusted to the 2000 standard population.
Moderate physical activity is regular
leisure-time physical activity (moderate activity
30 minutes/5 times a week or vigorous activity
20 minutes/3 times a week). American Indian
includes Alaska Native. Black and white exclude
persons of Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic
origin may be any race. I 95 confidence
interval. Source National Health Interview
Survey, NCHS, CDC.
Obj. 22-2
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Moderate Physical Activity for Adults by
Disability and Arthritis Status
Age-adjusted percent
1997
2002
2010 Target
With
Without
With
Without
Disabilities
Arthritis
Note Data are for ages 18 years and over, age
adjusted to the 2000 standard population.
Moderate physical activity is regular
leisure-time physical activity (moderate activity
30 minutes/5 times a week or vigorous activity
20 minutes/3 times a week). I 95 confidence
interval. Arthritis data are for 2001 due to a
change in the 2002 questionnaire. Source
National Health Interview Survey, NCHS, CDC.
Obj. 22-2
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Vigorous Physical Activity for Adults
by Sex and Age
Age-adjusted percent
2010 Target
2010 Target
30
0
40
10
20
50
Age-adjusted percent
Note Data are for ages 18 years and over, age
adjusted to the 2000 standard population.
Vigorous physical activity is leisure-time
vigorous physical activity 20 minutes/3 times a
week. I 95 confidence interval. Source
National Health Interview Survey, NCHS, CDC.
Obj. 22-3
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YRBSS question for objective 22-7

• On how many of the past 7 days did you exercise
  or participate in physical activity for at least
  20 minutes that made you sweat and breathe hard,
  such as basketball, soccer, running, swimming
  laps, fast bicycling, fast dancing, or similar
  aerobic activities?

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Vigorous Physical Activity for Adolescents by Sex
and Race/Ethnicity
2010 Target
1999
Total
2001
Female
Male
Black
White
Hispanic
0
40
20
60
80
100
Percent
Note Black and white exclude persons of Hispanic
origin. Hispanic can be any race. Vigorous
physical activity is activity that made students
in grades 9-12 sweat or breathe hard for 20
minutes on 3 of the past 7 days. I 95
confidence interval. Source Youth Risk Behavior
Surveillance System, NCCDPHP, CDC.
Obj. 22-7
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Vigorous Physical Activity for Adolescents by
Grade Level 2001
Percent
10th
11th
9th
12th
Note Vigorous physical activity is activity that
made students in grades 9-12 sweat or breathe
hard for 20 minutes on 3 of the past 7 days. I
95 confidence interval. Source Youth Risk
Behavior Surveillance System, NCCDPHP, CDC.
Obj. 22-7
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NHANES Physical Activity/Fitness Data

• Questionnaire includes usual daily activity and
  leisure time activity for ages 12
• Examination data include muscle strength/physical
  function and cardiovascular fitness for healthy
  persons 12-49 years

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Physical Activity Monitor

• In field since January 2003
• Automatically records locomotion movement,
  duration, and intensity over time
• About 4000 sample persons 6 years annually
• Worn on a belt for 7 full days

• Will be linked to interview and other health
  component data (body weight, functional status,
  bone status, etc.)

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Take-away Points

• Little change in physical activity measures in
  past decade
• Methodology is complex and varies in different
  surveys
• New technologies may offer improved measurement

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Progress review data and slides can be found on
the web at
http//www.cdc.gov/nchs/hphome.htm