Fuel economy Indian Context

1
Fuel economy Indian Context

• G K Acharya
• Indian Oil Corporation Limited
• RD Centre, Faridabad

2
Auto Fuel Policy in India

• The Expert committee constituted by Govt. of
  India submitted the report during the month of
  Aug 2002
• The recommendations have been debated and MoPNG
  released Auto Fuel Policy during the month of Oct
  2003
• The policy provides roadmap for changes in
  vehicular technology and fuel quality for the
  year 2005 and 2010
• Measures have been proposed to reduce emission
  from in-use vehicles

3
Roadmap by Auto Fuel policy

• ENTIRE COUNTRY
• BHARAT STAGE-II 1ST APRIL 2005
• EURO-III 1ST APRIL 2010
• EQUIVALENT
• METROS MAJOR CITIES (BANGALORE, HYDERABAD,
  AHMEDABAD, PUNE, SURAT, KANPUT AND AGRA)
• BHARAT STAGE-II Already Introduced in metro
  cities and other major cities as on 1st April
  2003
• EURO-III 1st April 2005
• EQUIVALENT
• EURO-IV 1st April 2010
• EQUIVALENT
• ENTIRE COUNTRY
• BHARAT STAGE-II 1st April 2005
• EURO-III Preferably from 1st April 2008 but not
  later than 1st April 2010
• EQUIVALENT

4
Recommendation of Auto Fuel Policy

• Introduction of improved quality of liquid fuels
  in-line with the vehicular emission norms
• Encouraging use of gaseous fuels CNG LPG in
  the cities effected by high vehicular pollution
• Accelerate the development of other alternatives
  electric vehicles, hydrogen and fuel cells
• Providing RD support for development of
  technologies for producing biofuels from
  different renewable energy sources and their
  application
• To protect consumer from supply disruptions and
  price risks

Cont..
5
Recommendation of Auto Fuel Policy

• Reduction of emissions from in-use vehicles
  through upgraded PUC systems, IM system,
• Declaration of fuel economy standards by
  automobile industry
• Setup mechanism for independent inspection and
  rigorous checks of liquid fuel quality
• Provide for penalty against vehicles in which
  emission control devices fitted by OEMs are
  removed or tempered
• Roadmap for emission norms for new / in-use
  vehicles and fuel quality
• Major expansion augmentation of existing
  network of Air Quality Monitoring

6

• Implementation of Auto Fuel Policy
  recommendations

7
CNG - STATUS IN INDIA

• CNG stations in India - 510.
• 17 companies to supply natural gas for CNG / PNG
  usage in 42 cities
• Total estimated NG consumption 3.2 MMSCMD gas for
  CNG purpose and 5 MMSCMD as PNG
• India with 8 Lakh Natural gas vehicles ranks 5th
  in the world

8
Status - LPG as Auto Fuel

• LPG notified as transport fuel by MoRTH 2000
• BIS issued specification of Auto LPG 2001
• Total no. of Auto LPG stations - 573
• IOCL - 232 Stations
• BPCL - 74 Stations
• HPCL - 150 Stations
• Others - 227 Stations

9
Renewed Interest in Ethanol during 2000-2002

• All India Distillers Association (AIDA) reported
  surplus Ethanol in country during the year 2000.
• Based on the availability of surplus ethanol,
  MoPNG decided to introduced 5 Ethanol blend in
  the sugar producing states.
• Oil companies commissioned 3 pilot projects in
  the country during the year 2001.
• Studies with Ethanol gasoline blends were
  conducted at Indian Oil RD Centre.

10
Commercialisation of Ethanol blend

• Based on the success of pilot projects, Govt.
  introduced 5 ethanol blended fuel in four Union
  Territories and in nine States during the year
  2003.
• Govt. extended the supply of 5 ethanol blend to
  20 States during the year 2006.
• Adhoc Panel constituted by Bureau of Indian
  Standards (BIS) for examining the technical
  issues related to blending of 10 ethanol
• Detailed studies on a fleet of in-use vehicles
  are in progress for assessing the compatibility
  of 10 ethanol blend in collaboration with auto
  industry.
• BIS issued revised specification for blending of
  10 ethanol in gasoline during the month of Jan
  2008

11
Mass Emissions From Motorcycle
g/km
12
CO EMISSIONS FROM MPFI CAR USING ALCOHOL BLENDS
g/km
13
Initiatives of IOC on Bio-diesel

• Trans-esterification process optimization,
  patenting and commercialization, Know How
  Transferred to M/s Venus Ethoxyethers, Goa M/s
  IKF on Technology Fee and Royalty basis
• Testing of LOCO engine with Biodiesel and diesel
  blends jointly with RDSO Jatropha plantation on
  70 Ha of Railway land
• Vehicle performance and Emission studies jointly
  with Escorts, Tata motors and Mahindra Mahindra
• Field trials on buses jointly with Haryana
  Roadways, Gujarat Roadways Tata Motors

14
Mass Emission Studies for Bio-diesel Blends
Conducted at IOC RD
15

• Fuel Efficiency Standards for Vehicles

16
Drafting of Fuel Economy Standards

• MoSRTH is the nodal agency in the country for
  issuing notification related to Vehicular safety
  emission
• Ministry has constituted 2 independent committees
  for drafting standards related to safety
  emissions
• Standing committee on implementation of emission
  legislation (SCOE) is responsible for drafting
  emission norms
• SCOE constituted sub-committee with all stake
  holders for drafting fuel efficiency standards
• Sub-committee submitted a report to the Ministry

17
Drafting of Fuel Economy Standards

• The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) in
  co-operation with the Petroleum Conservation
  Research Association (PCRA) is developing fuel
  economy standards and labeling programme for
  passenger cars under the Energy Conservation Act
  2001.
• BEE is advocating of establishing fuel economy
  standards based on Front runner method.
• Proposing a labeling programme (Star Rating) to
  provide consumers with comparative information
  about fuel economy of all cars in the market.
• Fuel economy range of cars in five categories -
  one star to five stars.

18
Notification of Fuel Economy Standards

• Transport sector consumes more than 40 petroleum
  products produced in the country and account for
  11 of Greenhouse Gas emissions
• Release of fuel economy standards will reduce
  energy consumption and also GHG emissions
• Fuel economy standards for Auto sector will be
  enforced from 2011.
• Notification will be issued through energy
  Conservation Act or Motor Vehicles Act

19
Thank You
20
Quality of Motor Spirit ( Gasoline)

• Major parameters
• Bharat Bharat Bharat
• Stage-II Stage-III
  Stage-IV
• Sulphur,ppm (max) 500 150 50
• Octane number
• RON/MON, min ( R) 88/- 91/81
  91/81
• RON/MON, min (P) 93/- 95/85 95/85
• AKI(RONMON/2) 84 -
  -
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
• Aromatics, vol., max- - 42 35
• Benzene, vol., max3/5 3 1
  1
• Lead content,g/l 0.013 0.005 0.005
• Olefin content, vol.- 21(R) 21(R)
  18(P) 18(P)
• ( R )- Regular grade ( P )- Premium grade
  AKI-Anti Knocking Index

21
Quality of Diesel

• Major parameters
• Bharat Bharat
  Bharat
• Stage-II Stage-III
  Stage IV
• Cetane number, min 48 51 51
• Cetane Index, min 46 46 46
• ( Present spec is either CN or CI)
• Sulphur,ppm, max 500 350 50
• Kinematic Viscosity,cst 2.0-5.0 2.0-4.5
  2.0-4.5
• PAH, mass - 11max 11max
• Density, kg/M3 820-860
  820-845 820-845
• Distillation recovery
• Vol., upto 350 0 C, min 85 85 -
• Vol., upto 370 0 C, min 95 95 -
• 95 Vol., at max - 360 0 C 360 0 C
• PAH- Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons

22
Major Factors affecting Energy Efficiency
in Transport Sector
Clean Vehicle Technology
Traffic Management
IM Programmes
Cleaner Fuels Alternatives