6,370,997 m

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6,370,997 m
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Geographic Coordinates

• What is wrong with the following coordinate near
  Fairbanks, Alaska?
• 64.875, 147.75

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What is wrong with the following coordinate near
Fairbanks, Alaska?

• 64.333, -147.750

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Geographic Coordiantes

• Why are most GIS databases not in geographic
  coordinates?

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Map properties sacrificed by projection ----shape
----direction ----area ----distance
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• Map projection types
• conic, cylindrical, azimuthal

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Map projection case
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Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
Projection Maximum scale error 0.25 percent at
edge of zone
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UTM ZONE WIDTH
Y values called northings
X values called false eastings m at central
meridian
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Origin 50.0000
Statewide Projection.Albers Equal Area
Projection Lines of secancy 55.00000, 65.00000
(standard parallels) Central Meridian
-154.0000 Origin Latitude 50.000
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Local Applciations.Alaska State Plane
System Eight tranvserse mercator, 2-degree wide
zones 1 zone conic projection 1 zone oblique
mercator projection
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• Changing Map Projection

Projection B (example Albers, NAD83)
Projection A (example UTM, NAD27)
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Menus, Buttons, Tools---disabled/enabled---tool
tip/help text
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• Zoom In Tool
• Pan Tool
• Zoom to Active Themes Button
• Zoom to All Themes Button
• Zoom to Previous Extent Button

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Menus

• File
• Edit
• View
• Theme

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United States Public Land Survey System
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NW1/4S
NW1/4Sec26T2NR2W