Ganiy Agbaje

1
New Developments Nigerias Earth Observing and
Communication Satellite Programmes

• Presented by
• Ganiy Agbaje
• gagbaje_at_nasrda.gov.ng

National Space Research Development Agency
NASRDA
CODI-IV
2005
NigeriaSat-1
NigComSat-1 Model
United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
UNECA Committee On Development Information
CODI April 23 to 28 2005
2
Presentation Outline

• Introduction
• Nigeria Joins the Space Mission Race
• Nigerian Space Policy
• Thrust of the Policy and Programme
• Programme Implementation Strategies
• Nasrdas Organisational/Institutional Framework
• Nasrdas Operational Centres
• Nigerian Space Projects
• Nigerian Earth Observation Satellite
  NigeriaSat-1
• Nigerian Communication Satellite NigComSat-1
• African Resource Management (ARM) Constellation
  Satellites NigeriaSat-2 A Collaborative
  Initiative
• Conclusion

3
Introduction

• Advent of Space Technology has changed the way we
  live our life and care for our environment.
• Satellites are the new eyes to see the world!
  (Akinyede, 2004)
• Satellites will help Improve Food, Drinking
  water, and the Air we breathe. Promises aid in
  averting Flooding, Famine , Fire etc and may be
  used to find new Natural Resources.
• NEPAD provides a platform for scientific
  excellence in Africa, particularly in a space
  fairing capacity, in order to be globally
  competitive and effectively contribute to the
  development and growth of the continent.

4
Introduction 2 - Nigeria Statistics

• Nigeria Statistics
• Area of 923,768 Sq. Km
• Approx. dimensions
• 1053 km x 877 - 1200 km
• Latitude (ø) 4 -14 N
• Longitude (?) 3 -15 E
• Population 125 million

5
Introduction 3 - Why Venture Into Space
Technology ?

• Preservation of Fundamental Life Support Systems
• Air, Water, and Food or Agricultural resources
• Wholesome Environment,
• Shelter, and Access to Health Education

• - Deforestation
• - Land Degradation
• -Coastal and River Flooding
• and Erosion
• -Gully Erosion
• - Forest fire
• - Sand Storms
• - Droughts and Desertification
• We should therefore embark on
• initiatives and develop agenda to
• address these problems

Some Key Natural Manmade Disasters Facing us
6
Nigerian Space Policy

• Nigerias Vision to venture into space as an
  active participant was first declared to ECA/OAU
  members at an Inter-governmental meeting in
  Addis-Ababa in 1976
• Included in the 1975 1980 Development Plan
  National Remote Sensing Centre (NCRS) gt Consumer
  of Space-derived Products
• To fulfill Nigerias space aspiration, NASRDA was
  established in April 1999
• The nationals Space Policy and Programme was
  approved in June 2001.

7
Nigerian Space Policy 2 - Policy Statements

• Nigeria shall vigorously pursue the attainment of
  space capabilities as an essential tool for its
  socio-economic development and the enhancement of
  the quality of life of its people. The Nation
  shall achieve this through research , rigorous
  education, engineering development, design and
  manufacture of appropriate hardware and software
  in space technology, including transport and
  payloads, such as satellite , telescopes and
  antennas for scientific research and
  applications.
•  
• Government shall also foster Bi-lateral and
  international cooperation in all aspects of Space
  Science and Technology in order to ensure that
  Nigeria Scientist and Engineers will benefit from
  global developments in this enterprise.

8
Nigerian Space Policy 3 - Thrust of the Policy

• Development of human resources and capacity
  building
• Natural Resources Management
• Defence, National Security and Law Enforcement
• Study of the Earth and its Environment
• Space Communication Applications
• Education and Training
• Promotion of International Cooperation

9
Nigerian Space Programme Implementation Strategy

• Setting up of
• National Space Council chaired by Mr.
  President
• Technical Advisory Committee
• International Cooperation Committee
• Multi-Institutional Implementation Strategy
• Established 6 Centres to serve as operational
  limbs
• Centre for Basic Space Science and Astronomy,
  Nsukka
• Centre for Remote Sensing, Jos
• Centre for Satellite Technology Development ,
  Abuja
• Centre for Geodesy and Geodynamics, Toro
• Centre for Space Transport and Propulsion, Epe
• Centre for Space Science and Technology
  Education, Ile-ife

10
Nigerian Space Programme Implementation Strategy
2
NASRDAS Organisational/Institutional Framework
11
History Made, Nigeria Launched Her first satellite
12
Nigerian Space Programmes Nigerian Observation
Satellite NigeriaSat-1

• Technical Features
• NigeriaSat-1 is an Earth-Observation
  micro-satellite
• Orbit - Circular, 686km altitude, sun-synchronous
  
• 600km swath width,
• 3-band multi-spectral,
• Pushbroom scanning
• Weight -100kg spacecraft
• Life Span designed for 5 years (minimum)
• Imaging payload
• 32m GSD (ground sampling distance / resolution)
• 0.52-0.62 (Green), 0.63-0.69 (Red), 0.76-0.9
  (NIR)
• On-board data storage
• 2 x 0.5Gbyte SSDR to support imaging activities
• Store and Forward communications
• 3.7 m parabolic dish ground station
• Launched into orbit on the 27 September 2003

13
Nigerian Space Programmes Nigerian Observation
Satellite NigeriaSat-1
Technical Configuration
14
NigeriaSat-1 Part of Disaster Monitoring
Constellation

• Disaster Monitoring Constellation is an
  International
• collaboration between 5 countries
• Nigeria, Algeria, Turkey, United Kingdom,
  and China
• To address the need for daily revisit and
  global coverage using
• Earth Observation (EO) satellites to monitor
  natural disasters
• The five satellite owners agreed to form a DMC
  Consortium to derive
• maximum mutual benefits through exchange of
  their DMC satellites
• resources daily for monitoring of disasters
  and other dynamic
• phenomena.
• NigeriaSat-1 has the advantages of frequent
  revisits and being locally
• available and free of foreign transaction
  problems
• Will provide a service that will greatly improve
  the response time to aid - environmental
  monitoring and the management and mitigation of
  disasters wherever and whenever they occur.

15
NigeriaSat-1 Part of Disaster Monitoring
Constellation - Achievements

• Establishment DMC International Imaging
  (DMCII)
• for the sale of DMC images.
• Establishment of a Central Archive
• Managing Director and Business Manager appointed
  for the DMCII.
• Signing of necessary agreements to facilitate
  Data Access, Constellation
• Scheduling Programme, and Commercial operation
• The DMC have received the under-listed request
  for DMC images
• A French Company -Monitoring of farm land
  within France (contract
• signed)
• Australia Mapping of the entire country
  (under negotiation)
• Vietnam Mapping of its coastal areas (under
  negotiation)
• South America Mapping part of (under
  negotiation)

16
NigeriaSat-1 Part of Disaster Monitoring
Constellation - Achievements

• Other DMC Data Requests
• UNOSAT, Geneva for creation of damaged map of
• Nicobar Island
• MapAction, UK SERTIT, France Sri-Lanka field
• mapping/damage detection
• OXFAM for earthquake region
• KeyOBs, Belgium for Sumatra and Benda Aceh
• region
• Tsunami Disaster and NigeriaSat-1 Contribution
• Acquired over 20 images each of 300km X 150km of
  
• the Asian Tsunami disaster delivered to
  RESPOND

17
Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC)
Satellites
18
DMC Satellites Full Imaging Capability
Image across 3000km On the same day at 1030
local time - An unprecedented coverage
19
Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC)
Satellites
20
Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC)
Satellites
21
Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC)
Satellites
Imager Capability - Comparison
Small satellites enable affordable
constellations. DMC offers good GSD with high
temporal revisit.
22
Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC)
Satellites
Capacity Building

• NigeriaSat-1 was developed by Surrey Satellite
  Technology Ltd,
• Guilford
• The building of NigeriaSat-1 creates opportunity
  for international
• cooperation and capacity building with the
  training of Nigerian
• engineers and scientists.

23
Images From NigeriaSat-1
24
NigeriaSat-1 Application Projects
Flood Study Kaduna River and Shiroro Dam Halilu
et al. (Fed. University of Tech. Minna)
25
NigeriaSat-1 Application Projects
Fire scare Mapping and Monitoring Mbaye et al.
(RECTAS)
Enhanced false colour composite image of Bauchi,
Unsupervised classification
Supervised classification
Semi-supervised classification
26
NigeriaSat-1 Application Projects
Lagos Coastal Erosion by Prof Ayeni, O. O. et al.
University of Lagos
Landsat TM 2000
NigeriaSat-1 2003
27
NigeriaSat-1 Application Projects
Lagos Coastal Area Digitised from NigeriaSat-1
by Prof Ayeni, O. O. et al. University of Lagos
28
NigeriaSat-1 Application Projects
Jos Plateau West
DTM
2D Hill Shading NigeriaSat-1
3D Perspective View NigeriaSat-1 (West of Jos)
29
NigeriaSat-1 Application Projects
Land Degradation-Agricultural Land Use Planning,
Kadawa Irrigation Scheme, Kano
NigeriaSat-1 Colour Composite image of Kadawa
Irrigation Scheme Area, December 2003
30
NigeriaSat-1 Application Projects
Kadawa Irrigation Scheme, Kano
Supervised Classification
31
NigeriaSat-1- Other on-going Application Projects

• Monitoring deforestation and implications for
  bio-diversity in Nigeria
• Aggressive gully erosion and land degradation
  mapping/monitoring in the South Eastern Nigeria
• Assessment and impacts of uncoordinated
  construction of dams and surface water
  impoundment on agriculture and other
  socio-economic activities in Northern Nigeria
• Water recharge for the depleted upper aquifer
  of the Chad Basin in Nigeria
• Potentials of NigeriaSat-1 for geological
  mapping and mineral exploration in the Benue
  Trough and
• Early Warning for Food Security in Nigeria

32
NigeriaSat-1- Pricing Policy
Real Time
Govt. Institution
Commercial
33
NigeriaSat-1- Pricing Policy
Archive
Govt. Institution
Commercial
34
Nigerian Communication Satellite NigComSat-1

• Ineffective Communication Systems a major
  drawback to socio-
• economic
  development of Africa
• NigComSat-1 Designed Scope
• To meet the telecommunication, broadcasting and
  broadband
• needs of the country
• Has the potential to exploit the virgin market
  in most un-served
• and underserved African cities and rural
  communities.
• Has the potential to serve Mediterranean regions
  and the Middle
• East.
• Will Have 26 hybrid payloads transponders in Ku,
  Ka, C and L-bands
• Life Span 15 years
• To be launched in late 2006

35
NigComSat-1 -Project Implementation

• Approved for Implementation as a National
  Priority Project in
• November 2003
• Technical Features
• A Geostationary Satellite
• Over 5 Tons Wet Mass
• Carrying 26 Hybrid transponders in Ku, Ka, C and
  L-bands
• Coverage Africa, Middle East, and Europe
• Life Span 15 years
• To be launched in late 2006
• Project Awarded to China Great Wall Industry
  Corporation CGWIC
• A subsidiary of China Aerospace Science and
  Technology
• Corporation CASC
• Technical management Consultant Telesat Canada
• NigComSat-1 Project Agreement signed 15
  December 2004

36
NigComSat-1 Model
37
NigComSat-1 Service Coverage Area
Nigcom Sat 1 ORBITAL POSITION 42 E
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NigComSat-1- Project Objectives

• To enhance increase in telecommunication growth
  rate to an annual
• minimum of 13.5 such that 10 of the rural
  communities is served in the
• short term, 30 in medium term and 60 in the
  long term.
• To enhance the affordability of communication
  services
• To provide a critical ICT infrastructure needed
  to leapfrog Africa into
• the Information age.
• To enhance the capabilities of Nigerian
  engineers and scientist in the
• design, manufacture, operation and
  maintenance of communication
• satellites through strategic partnership with
  technical partners.
• To provide a platform for operation of a public
  services
• telecommunication networks in Africa providing
  linkages to educational
• institutions, regional organizations, and
  government in Africa, to
• facilitate developmental activities.

39
African Resource Management (ARM) Constellation
Satellite NigeriaSat-2

• Project Objective
• A joint satellite programme of South Africa,
  Nigeria and Algeria and any
• other interested country in Africa Kenya
• It would form the cornerstone of the African
  Resource Management
• (ARM) Satellite Constellation.
• The countries involved would collaborate in
  building capacity to
• support space programmes in Africa
• Identical satellites to be built together by
  participating African
• engineers.
• High-resolution payload with a 2.5 meters
  resolution in panchromatic
• mode and a 5m resolution in multi-spectral
  mode in 6 spectral bands.
• Operate in constellation and will be accessed
  through the integration
• of the individual ground stations.

40
African Resources Management (ARM) Constellation
Satellite NigeriaSat-2

• The ARM is proposed to be one of the key flagship
  projects in the
• NEPAD
• Constellation to address African priorities in
  the following areas
• - infrastructure, resource and
  environmental management
• - information services
• - public awareness .
• Joint working paper on the ARM was presented to
  AARSE conference in
• Kenya in October, 2004 .
• Proposal to be presented to AU ST Ministerial
  conference as
• NEPAD Project

41
Conclusion

• Nigeria sees the attainment of space capabilities
  as an essential tool to her socio-economic
  development and enhancement of the of the quality
  of life of her people.
• Subsequent to the successful launch of
  NigeriaSat-1, Nigeria has embarked on the
  NigComSat-1 project as a strategic step in the
  development of a key ICT infrastructure that will
  forever change the destiny of not only Nigeria
  but the entire Africa.
• Access to satellite data and enhancing capacity
  for its use for sustainable development need to
  be step-up in Africa.

42
Conclusion

• African governments should play active roles in
  the provision of enabling environment and
  political will to support the development and
  implementation of policies on science and
  technology, particularly space science and
  technology and geo-information that have become
  indispensable tools in any sustainable
  development effort.
• Each country should therefore develop and pursue
  its own programme within the limit of national
  resources however more emphasis should be given
  to regional collaboration and integration as its
  being exemplified in the ARM satellites
  programme.

43
Conclusion

• Africas scientists and engineers need to rise to
  the challenges of developing and applying the
  invaluable space technology to tackle Africas
  socio-economic problems
• The holding of an African Scientists and
  Engineers Conference in the field of Space
  Technology (in the spirit of NEPAD) would be a
  major step forward in the realization of a
  sustainable development for Africa.

44
Thanks
For your attention