Matter: Biomolecules and their functions

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Matter Biomolecules and their functions

• Cameron Hempstead
• Patrick Collins

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Elements of Life

• Carbon-C
• Hydrogen-H
• Oxygen-O
• Nitrogen-N
• Phosphorous-P
• Sulfer-S

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Carbohydrates

• Examples- bread pasta potatoes sugar
• Uses- energy storage
• -ose word endings
• Monosaccharide- 1 sugar
• Disaccharide- 2 sugar
• Polysaccharide- Many sugars

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Fats and Lipids

• Examples- butter, steroids, hormones, wax
• Uses- long term energy, cushion, insulation,
  waterproofing
• Contains 2x as much energy as an equal amount of
  carbohydrates
• 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

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Proteins or Polypeptides

• Examples- nuts, meat, beans
• Uses- Muscle, hair, nails, skin, enzymes
• amino acid chains (polypeptides)
• Only 20 amino acids
• -peptide

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Enzymes (Catalase)

• Large complex proteins
• -ase word endings
• Activity varies with pH
• Can be reused over and over again
• Lock and Key
• Active site- attracts and holds only molecules
  that have the right shape
• Substrate-molecule that is changed by the enzyme

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Nucleic Acids

• Examples- body builds nucleic acids from amino
  acids that came from proteins
• Uses- DNA and RNA, storage, transmission, and
  expression of genetic info.
• Contains sugar (ribose) and 4 bases

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ATP

• Adenosine triphosphate
• Most important energy transfer compound
• small change temporary energy storage
• 1 adenosine, 3 phosphate (-PO4)
• When cell needs energy, breaks 3rd phosphate
• Creates ADP - rebuilds ATP from ADP
• 38 ATP obtained from 1 glucose molecule

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• All information obtained from Mrs. Messengers
  Molecules of Life Notes