Habitat Gardening for Birds

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Woody Plants of The Aransas National Wildlife
Refuge
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(No Transcript)
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Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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Preserve Native Landscape
Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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Poison IvyToxicodendron radicans

• Deciduous vine or low shrub
• Greenish yellow flowers in Spring
• Creamy fruit
• All parts are poisonous on contact
• Native to Eastern half of US Arizona
• Anacardiaceae family

Photo by Clint Edmundson
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Yaupon HollyIlex vomitoria

• Evergreen small tree to 25 ft.
• Fall fruit for 14 species birds
• Nectar larval host plant Henrys Elfin
• Sun/Part Sun
• Low to high water
• Native to South Central Southeast Texas
  Southeastern U.S.
• Aquifoliaceae family

Photos by Ernie Edmundson
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GroundselBaccharis halimifolia

• Deciduous shrub
• To 7 feet tall
• White blooms in Fall
• Frequent in low moist places
• Native from Texas, Southern states to New York
• Asteraceae family

William S. Justise _at_USDA-NRCS Plants Database
Photo from - http//plants.usda.gov/
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Bushy Sea Ox-EyeBorrichia frutescens

• Evergreen shrub to 2 ½ feet
• Yellow blooms spring fall
• Ripe seeds eaten by birds
• Native to coastal areas from Texas to Maryland
• Family Asteraceae

William S. Justice _at_ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
Photo from - http//plants.usda.gov/
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Marsh ElderIva frutescens

• Bushy perennial or subshrub
• White blooms Summer Fall
• High water use
• High salt tolerance
• Native along coast from Texas, Southeast to New
  England
• Asteraceae family

_at_ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database Photo from -
http//plants.usda.gov/
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Maritime Saltwort, TurtleweedBatis maritima

• Semi deciduous shrublike plant
• Marshes tidal flats
• Native to Texas, Southeastern States California
• Bataceae family

Larry Allain _at_ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
Photo from - http//plants.usda.gov/
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AgaritoBerberis trifoliolata

• Evergreen Shrub to 8 feet
• Sun/Part Sun-Very low water
• Yellow blooms in Spring
• Summer red berries
• Young leaves eaten by deer
• Fruit, nesting and cover for birds including
  quail, cardinals, mockingbirds
• Fruit eaten by raccoons and opossums
• Native from Texas to Arizona
• Berberidaceae family

Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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Trumpet CreeperCampsis radicans

• Deciduous vine to 40 feet
• Hummingbirds
• Nectar plant
• Sun/Part Sun
• Native to Eastern half of US
• Bignoniaceae family

Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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AnacuaEhretia anacua

• Evergreen tree to 50 feet
• Sun/Part Sun
• Low/medium water
• Fast growing
• South Texas native
• Family-Boraginaceae

Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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AnacuaEhretia anacua

• Blooms in Spring
• Nectar plant for bees butterflies
• Yellowish-orange fruit, nesting, loafing and
  roosting for quail, white-winged dove,
  chachalaca, coyotes, raccoons feral hogs

Photos by Ernie Edmundson
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Devils HeadEchinocactus texensis

• Cactus
• 3 inches high x 8 inches wide
• Spring blooms
• Native to Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico
• Cactaceae family

Thomas G. Barnes _at_ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
Photo from - http//plants.usda.gov/
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Grassland Plains Prickly PearOpuntia macrorhiza

• Yellow blooms Spring, sparingly till fall
• Pads fruit eaten by deer, javelina, feral hogs,
  
• Fruit eaten by rodents, rabbits, squirrels,
  coyotes, raccoons, turtles
• Native from Texas Southwest through Midwest and
  Mountains
• Cactaceae family

Larry Allain _at_ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
Photo from - http//plants.usda.gov/
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Tasajillo Opuntia leptocaulis

• Evergreen shrub to 3 feet
• Early summer blooms
• Fruit eaten by wildlife
• Native to Texas Southwest
• Cactaceae family

W.L. Wagner _at_ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
Photo from - http//plants.usda.gov/
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Texas PersimmonDiospyros texana

• Slow Growing Evergreen tree to 50 feet
• Full Sun
• Very low to medium water
• Fall fruit nesting for 9 species of birds,
  mammals
• Larval host- Henrys Elfin, Gray Hairstreak
• Native to Western two-thirds of Texas Mexico
• Ebenaceae family

Photos by Ernie Edmundson
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Farkleberry Vaccinium arboreum

• Evergreen or deciduous small tree to 30 feet
• Fall fruit for 7 species of birds
• Larval plant elfin hairstreak
• Sun/Part Sun
• Blooms Spring
• Medium water
• East South Central Texas Southeastern U.S.
• Ericaceae family

Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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BlackbrushAcacia rigidula

• Deciduous thorny shrub, 3-15 feet
• Larval plant skipper, Mexican yellow
• Hummingbirds, bobwhite quail, cactus wren,
  scissortails
• Browse for deer
• Sun/Part Sun-Low water
• Texas native

http//aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/ornamentals/nat
iveshrubs/acaciarigid.htm
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HuisacheAcacia miniata

• Deciduous thorny tree to 30 feet
• Nesting, cover food for doves quail
• Fruit eaten by deer javelina
• Larval plant skippers
• Sun-Very low water
• Blooms Spring
• Native Southern US California to Florida
• Fabaceae family

Photo from http//aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/orn
amentals/natives/indexscientific.htm
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Wild IndigoBaptisia bracteata

• Perennial shrub to 2 ft.
• Sun
• Yellow blooms in early Spring
• Native from Texas north throughout the Midwest
• Fabaceae family

Photos by Ernie Edmundson
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Partridge PeaChamaecrista fasciculata

• Annual to 3 feet
• Ripe seeds gamebirds songbirds
• Larval plant 6 sulphur butterflies-little
  yellow, cloudless sulphur
• Sun/Part Sun - Very low water
• Blooms Summer-Fall
• Fabaceae family
• Native to Eastern half of US

Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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Coral BeanErythrina herbacea

• Deciduous prickly shrub to 5 feet
• Nectar for hummingbirds orioles
• Sun/Part Sun - Low water
• Blooms Spring
• Native Texas to North Carolina
• Fabaceae family

Photos by Ernie Edmundson
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BagpodGlottidiumvesicaria

• Annual subshrub to 8 ft.
• Orange-scarlet blooms summer - fall
• Native to Texas Southeastern US
• Fabaceae family

Larry Allain _at_ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
Photo from - http//plants.usda.gov/
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RetamaParkinsonia aculeata

• Deciduous tree to 30 feet
• Seeds for birds, browse for deer
• Legumes for deer mammals
• Sun/Part Sun - Very low water
• Blooms Spring-Fall
• Fabaceae family
• Native to Southern US
• Florida to California

Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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MesquiteProsopis glandulosa

• Deciduous tree to 35 feet
• Food, nesting shelter for 6 bird species
• Browse for deer, beans for mammals
• Larval plant ceraunus blue, Reakirts blue
  butterflies
• Sun - Very low water
• Native to Southwestern US
• Fabaceae family

Photos by Ernie Edmundson
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RattlebushSesbania drummondii

• Shrub to 10 feet
• Hummingbirds
• Larval host sulphur, hairstreak, duskywing
  butterflies
• Sun - High water
• Blooms Summer
• Native Texas to Florida
• Fabaceae family

Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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Laurel OakQuercus laurifolia

• Deciduous or Semi-evergreen small tree to 15 feet
• Sun/Part Sun- Low water
• Acorns for wildlife
• Native to Texas Southeastern US
• Family-Fagaceae

Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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Blackjack OakQuercus marilandica

• Deciduous tree to 15-45 ft.
• Food for 11 species of birds
• Sun
• Low water
• Native to Eastern half of US
• Family-Fagaceae

Photos from http//aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/or
namentals/natives/indexscientific.htm
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Post OakQuercus stellata

• Deciduous slow growing tree
• In deep sand, interior of the peninsula
• Native from Texas to Southeastern US
• Fagaceae family

Photos by Will Cook - http//www.duke.edu/cwcook/
trees/qust.html
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Live OakQuercus virginiana

• Spreading Evergreen tree to 60 feet
• Food for 20 species of birds
• Acorns browse for deer, birds, mammals
• Larval plant duskywing, hairstreak butterflies
• Sun -low water
• Native to Texas S.E. U.S.
• Family-Fagaceae

Photos by Ernie Edmundson
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Red Bay, SweetbayPersea borbonia

• Evergreen tree to 25 feet
• Food for songbirds
• Larval plant- palamedes swallowtails
• Sun/Part Sun
• Low to medium water
• Native Southeastern US
• Lauraceae family

Photos by Ernie Edmundson
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Saltmarsh Mallow Kosteletzkya virginica

• Perennial to 5 feet tall
• Moist soil
• Pink blooms Summer Fall
• Native from Texas along coast to New York
• Malvaceae family

Jim Stasz _at_ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
Photo from - http//plants.usda.gov/
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Turks CapMalvaviscus drummondii

• Evergreen shrub to 4 feet
• Part Sun/ Shade
• Blooms Summer-Fall
• Very low to medium water
• Native to Texas Southeastern US
• Malvaceae family

Photos by Ernie Edmundson
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Ruby-throated Hummingbird
Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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Turks CapMalvaviscus drummondii

• Hummingbirds
• Fruit eaten by birds
• Nectar plant sulphur, swallowtail
• Larval plant gray hairstreak, turks cap white
  skipper

Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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Wax MyrtleMyrica cerifera

• Evergreen tree to 20 feet
• Fruit for 40 species of birds
• Larval plant hairstreak
• Sun/Part Sun/Shade
• Low water
• Native to Texas Southeastern U.S.
• Myricaceae family

Photos by Ernie Edmundson
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Tanglewood, Elbowbush Forestiera angustifolia

• Semi-Evergreen shrub to 9 feet
• Fruit for quail, doves, songbirds
• Browse for deer
• Fruit eaten by raccoons, foxes, ringtails,
  rabbits, squirrels, rats mice
• Sun/Part Sun-low water
• Blooms Spring
• Native in South Texas to the coast
• Oleaceae family

Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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BrasilCondalia hookeri

• Evergreen thorny tree to 15 feet
• Fruit for 8 species of birds
• Fruit for coyotes, squirrels, raccoons, gray fox,
  opossums
• Sun/Part Sun/Shade
• Low water
• Rhamnaceae family
• Native to South Texas, Hill Country Mexico

Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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Wildgoose PlumPrunus munsoniana

• Deciduous shrub to 10 feet
• Early spring white blooms
• Purple red fruit
• Rosaceae family
• Native to Texas

Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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Southern Dewberry Rubus riograndis

• Evergreen perennial to 6 feet
• Fall fruit for 34 species of birds
• Larval plant mourning cloak
• Food for coyotes box turtles
• Part Sun/Shade - Low water
• Native to Southeastern US
• Rosaceae family

Photos by Ernie Edmundson
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ButtonbushCephalanthus occidentalis

• Deciduous Shrub, to 20 feet
• Sun/Part Sun
• Moist to Boggy area
• Blooms Spring-Fall
• Native to Eastern half of US
• Rubiaceae family

Photo by Darlene Locke
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ButtonbushCephalanthus occidentalis

• Birds- 25 species including waterfowl, cardinals,
  finches, sparrows
• Hummingbirds
• Nectar for Butterflies including Skippers,
  Swallowtails, Monarchs, Painted ladies

Photo by Darlene Locke
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Texas TorchwoodAmyris texana

• Evergreen shrub to 6 feet
• Fall fruit for birds
• Sun/Part Sun/ Shade
• Blooms Spring-Summer
• Host plant - giant swallowtail
• Very low water
• South Texas Mexico native
• Rutaceae family

Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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Colima, Lime Prickly AshZanthoxylum fagara

• Spiny evergreen shrub or small tree to 30 feet
• Nesting, cover berries for white-winged doves
  passerine birds
• Browse for deer
• Larval food-giant swallowtail butterfly
• Sun/Part Sun - low water
• Native to Texas Florida
• Rutaceae family

Photos by Ernie Edmundson
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Tickle-Tongue, Prickly AshZanthoxylum hirsutum

• Prickly deciduous or semi-evergreen shrub to 12
  feet
• Larval plant 3 swallowtail butterflies
• Nectar plant purple hairstreak
• Sun/part sun - Low water
• Native to Texas Oklahoma
• Rutaceae family

Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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Swallowtail Butterfly
Chrysalis
Caterpillar
Photos by Ernie Edmundson
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CottonwoodPopulus deltoides

• Deciduous tree to 90 feet
• Larva mourning cloak
• Seed eating birds
• Dead trees-nesting for woodpeckers
• Sun - Medium water
• Native- Eastern ¾ of US
• Salicaceae family

Photos from http//aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/or
namentals/natives/indexscientific.htm
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Black WillowSalix nigra
Larry Allain _at_ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database Photo
from - http//plants.usda.gov/

• Deciduous tree to 100 feet
• Catkins, willow bark eaten by birds
• Larval plant mourning cloak
• Sun/Part Sun
• Native to Eastern half of US
• Salicaceae family

Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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SoapberrySapindus saponaria var. drummondii
Photos by Ernie Edmundson

• Deciduous tree to 42 feet
• Larval plant hairstreak
• Sun/Part Sun
• Blooms Spring Fall
• Very low water
• Sapindaceae family
• Native in Texas Southwest

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Mexican BuckeyeUngnadia speciosa

• Deciduous tree to 15 feet
• Sun, part sun
• Blooms in Spring
• Very low water
• Attracts hummingbirds
• Larval plant-Henrys Elfin
• Native-Texas New Mexico
• Sapindaceae family

Photo by Ray Kirkwood
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La Coma, Ironwood Sideroxylon celastrinum

• Spiny evergreen tree to 15 feet
• Fruit - chachalacas, doves, raccoons, coyotes
• Leaves browsed by deer
• Nectar plant for butterflies
• Nesting cover
• Sun/Part Sun-Low water
• Native to Texas Florida
• Sapotaceae family

Photo by Forrest Smith - http//www.southtexasnat
ives.org/plants/coma.php
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CenizoLeucophyllum frutescens

• Evergreen shrub to 8 feet
• Nectar for hummingbirds butterflies
• Larva Theona checkerspot
• Browse for deer
• Sun-Very low water
• Blooms Spring-Fall
• Texas native
• Scrophulariaceae family

Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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Berlandiers WolfberryLycium berlandieri

• Summer Deciduous shrub to 7 ft
• Sun/Part Sun
• White or lavender Blooms
• Red Berries for birds, small mammals, raccoons,
  insects
• Browse for deer
• Native from Texas to Arizona
• Solanaceae family

Photos from http//aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/or
namentals/nativeshrubs/lyciumberland.htm
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Carolina WolfberryLycium carolinianum var.
quadrifidum

• Evergreen shrub to 6 feet
• Food for whooping cranes, hummingbirds, other
  birds
• Sun-Low water
• Native Texas to Mississippi
• Solanaceae family

Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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Texas Sugarberry Celtis laevigata var. laevigata

• Decidous tree to 50 feet
• Larval plant 5 species of butterflies,
  including Snout, Tawny Emperor
• Summer Fall fruit for 18 species of birds
  many mammals
• Sun/Part Sun
• Very low to high water
• Native in 29 states
• Ulmaceae family

Photos by Ernie Edmundson
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Netleaf HackberryCeltis laevigata var. reticulata

• Deciduous tree to 45 ft.
• Fall fruit for 13 species of birds small
  mammals
• Larval plant 4 species of butterflies
• Sun/Part Sun- Low water
• Native in 14 states
• Ulmaceae family

Photo from http//aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/orn
amentals/natives/indexscientific.htm
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Spiny Hackberry Celtis pallida

• Spiny evergreen shrub or small tree to 12 feet
• Fruit for 18 species of birds, small mammals
  coyotes, raccoons, rabbits
• Larval plant snout, question mark, desert
  hackberry
• Sun/Part Sun - Very low water
• Native in Florida, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona
• Ulmaceae family

Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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American BeautyberryCallicarpa americana

• Deciduous shrub to 6 feet
• Dappled shade/Part Shade/Sun
• Very low to medium water
• Purple fruit in Fall eaten by cardinals,
  mockingbirds, brown thrasher, wood thrush,
  American robin, rufous-sided towhee, bobwhite,
  finches, catbirds
• Native to Southeastern US
• Verbenaceae family

Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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Texas LantanaLantana urticoides

• Evergreen shrub to 5 feet
• Larva painted lady
• Nectar - swallowtails, buckeye, sulphurs, julia,
  skippers, zebra longwing, dorantes longtail
• Seeds-cardinal, quail
• Hummingbirds
• Sun/Part Sun-Very low water
• Blooms Spring-Fall
• Native to southern states
• Verbenaceae family

Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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PeppervineAmpelopsis arborea

• Deciduous woody vine
• Black fruits
• Native to Texas, New Mexico Southeastern US to
  Great Lakes
• Vitaceae family

J.R. Manhart, Vascular Plant Image Library, TAMU
Herbarium, TAMU
http//botany.cs.tamu.edu/FLORA/dcs420/fa04/fa0406
3.jpg
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Mustang GrapeVitis mustangensis

• Deciduous vine to 60 feet
• Fruit for 30 species of birds
• Food for deer, gray fox, rabbits, opossums,
  raccoons
• Sun/Part Sun/Shade
• Low water
• Texas Southeastern US native
• Vitaceae family

Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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White-Rim YuccaYucca tenuistyla (constricta)

• Evergreen shrub to 2 feet
• Sun
• White to pale green blooms in late Spring
• Native to South Texas
• Agavaceae family

http//aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/ornamentals/nat
iveshrubs/yuccaconstrict.htm
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Spanish DaggerYucca treculeana

• Evergreen shrub to 15 feet
• Nesting for doves, Harriss hawks, mockingbirds,
  shrikes, cactus wren
• Sun/Part Sun
• Spring white blooms
• Native to Texas
• Agavaceae family

Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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Dwarf PalmettoSabal minor

• Evergreen shrub to 5 feet
• Cover nesting for small birds
• Fruit for birds mammals, including
  yellow-rumped warbler
• Part Sun/Sun - Low water
• Native to Texas Southeastern states
• Arecaceae family

Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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GreenbriarSmilax bona-nox

• Prickly evergreen vine
• Spring bloom, Fall black fruit favored by birds
• Smilacaceae Family
• Native from Texas Midwest to Southeastern US.

Robert H. Mohlenbrock _at_ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
/ USDA SCS. 1991. Southern wetland flora Field
office guide to plant species. South National
Technical Center, Fort Worth, TX. Photo from -
http//plants.usda.gov/
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Invasive Plants
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Chinese TallowSapium sebiferum

• Very invasive tree
• Taking over native areas along the coast and
  South Texas
• Short lived tree

Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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Brazilian Pepper

• Very invasive large shrub or small tree!
• Spread by birds friends
• Outlawed in Florida because it is so invasive

Photos by Ernie Edmundson
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Salt Cedar, AthelTamarix aphylla

• Extremely invasive
• Taking over water courses all over Texas
• Invasive root system

Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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ChinaberryMelia azedarach

• Invasive tree
• Short lived tree 20-25 years
• Dense shade eliminates growth under tree
• Messy, soft brittle wood
• Spread by birds
• Found in Southern half of US
• Introduced from Asia

Photo by Ernie Edmundson
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Japanese HoneysuckleLonicera japonica

• Evergreen woody vine
• White to yellow blooms in Spring
• Aggressive invasive
• Native of Asia

http//images.google.com/imgres?imgurlhttp//biol
ogy.smsu.edu/Herbarium/Plants2520of2520the2520
Interior2520Highlands/Flowers/Lonicera2520japon
ica.JPGimgrefurlhttp//biology.smsu.edu/
Herbarium/Plants2520of2520the2520Interior2520
Highlands/photographs_of_flowering_plants_L.htm h
475w587sz71tbnidvpe1UuekIdYJtbnh106tbnw
132hlenstart1prev/images3Fq3D2522 Lonice
ra2Bjaponica252226hl3Den26lr3D
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White Mulberry, Silkworm Mulberry Morus alba

• Deciduous tree to 30 ft.
• Fruit for birds and other wildlife
• Native to China
• Found throughout US
• Moraceae family

David E. Lemke, Vascular Plant Image Library, TAMU
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References

• Vascular Plants of Texas, Correll Johnston
• Flora of the Texas Coastal Bend, Jones
• Plants of the Texas Coastal Bend, Lehman,
  OBrien, White
• Aransas, A Naturalists Guide, McAlister and
  McAlister
• Matagorda Island, A Naturalists Guide, McAlister
  and McAlister
• Trees, Shrubs, Cacti of South Texas, Everott
  Drawe
• A Field Guide to Common South Texas Shrubs,
  Taylor, Rutledge Herrera
• Plants of the Rio Grande Delta, Richardson
• Attracting Birds to Southern Gardens, Pope,
  Odenwald, Fryling
• Texas Wildscapes Gardening for Wildlife, Damude
  Bender
• Native Texas Plants, Wasowski Wasowski
• The Garden Book, Corpus Christi Area Garden
  Council, Inc.

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Photographs by

• Ernie Edmundson, Ray Kirkwood, Clint Edmundson,
  Texas Master Naturalists
• Darlene Locke Former Aransas County Extension
  Agent
• Internet websites