Population - Energy/Goods Consumption

1
Population - Energy/Goods Consumption Materials
Flow - Emissions
Fuels (FM), j
Activity
PMT
Emission (EM), k
VMT
Carbon
Gas
Car
Car
Diesel
SUV/Truck
SUV/Truck
Passenger Milesdistance of trips
Pop., P
Electric
Bus
Bus
Hydrogen/Other
Metro
Metro
Walk/Bike
Walk/Bike
S ai1 Fraction of PMT
cjk Emission/Fuel-
bi VMT/PMT
cij Fuel/VMT
2
Analysis Framework III Causality LoopEconomic
Development with Due Care of the Environment
Science Eng.
Socio-Economic
Energy-Env.
Health-Welfare
3
Transportation Causality Chain
Miles/ Vehicle
Vehicle/ Person
Energy/ Mile
Carbon/ Energy
P X
X
X
X
Carbon
Gallons
Miles
Persons
Vehicles
Causality Factor
Occupancy
VMT, PMT, FTM
Energy Efficiency
Carbon Em Factor
The need to move people and goods drives the
carbon emission trend.
4
Transportation Carbon Footprint Causality
Miles/ Vehicle
Vehicle/ Person
Energy/ Mile
Carbon/ Energy
P X
X
X
X
Carbon
Gallons
Miles
Persons
Vehicles
Causality Factor

• Occupancy
• Carpool

• Carbon Intensity

• VMT, PMT, FTM

• Energy Efficiency

Constraints and Criteria for Choices Cost Time Co
nvenience
5
Transportation Carbon Footprint Causality
Miles/ Vehicle
Vehicle/ Person
Energy/ Mile
Carbon/ Energy
Miles/ Vehicle
Vehicle/ Person
Energy/ Mile
Miles/ Vehicle
Vehicle/ Person
Carbon/ Energy
Energy/ Mile
Miles/ Vehicle
Vehicle/ Person
Miles/ Vehicle
Vehicle/ Person
Energy/ Mile
Miles/ Vehicle
Vehicle/ Person
Carbon/ Energy
Energy/ Mile
Miles/ Vehicle
Vehicle/ Person
P X
X
X
X
Carbon
Gallons
Miles
Persons
Vehicles

• Carbon Intensity

• VMT, PMT, FTM

• Energy Efficiency

• Occupancy
• Carpool

Factor Choices

• Choice Domain
• Personal
• Societal
• Eng

• Personal

6
Transportation Carbon Footprint Causality
Miles/ Vehicle
Vehicle/ Person
Energy/ Mile
Carbon/ Energy
P X
X
X
X
Carbon
Gallons
Miles
Persons
Vehicles

• Occupancy
• Carpool

• Carbon Intensity

• VMT, PMT, FTM

• Energy Efficiency

Factor choices
Constraints and Criteria for Choices Cost Time Co
nvenience
7
Coal Production and S Content

• Significant coal production is in the west with a
  much lower sulfur concentration, allowing for
  less sulfur pollution without decreasing
  consumption.

• The high concentration of sulfur is found in the
  eastern coal mined in the US.
• Sulfur in Western coal is generally lt 1

8
Coal Sulfur Flow in 1980 and 1998
Arrows indicate the flow of coal from the mines
to the consumer

• In 1980, a major flow of sulfur in coal
  originated in Illinois and was transported to
  Florida

• By 1990, the transport of high sulfur coal from
  the Midwest has been replaced by low sulfur
  western coal

9
US Coal Production by Region

• Coal production in the US occurred over five
  major producing regions.
• The coal production over the eastern US has
  remained roughly constant throughout the century.
• The sharp increase since the 1980s is due to the
  addition of western coal.

10
Trend of Average Coal S Content

• The average sulfur content of coal from each
  region is quite different Eastern coal is gt 1,
  western coal is 0.5 S.
• This average content has remained fairly constant
  for each region since it is determined by
  geological factors.
• Therefore, the dip in the national average sulfur
  content must be a direct result of the change in
  the source of sulfur, ie, more coal from the west
  is being used.

11
Sulfur Transfer by Fuels and Minerals Theory

• An understanding of the flow of sulfur is
  paramount in moving toward sustainability.
• Know how much is produce, how much flows to the
  consumer, and how much makes it to the receptors
  provides a way to monitor and catch the sulfur
  before it makes it into the atmosphere, water,
  soil and etc.