IAEA New and Novel Safeguards Instruments

1
IAEA New and Novel Safeguards Instruments

• Andrew MonteithDivision of Technical Support
  Department of Safeguards

2
Outline

• IAEA Strategic Objectives
• Overview of Novel Technology Unit
• Examples of new safeguards equipment in use
• Examples of proposed novel safeguards equipment
• Conclusions

3
IAEA Strategic Objectives 2006 2011

• Include the following general goals
• Enhance detection capabilities
• Develop new, or improve, safeguards approaches
  and techniques
• Acquire more effective verification equipment

4
IAEA Strategic Objectives 2006 2011

• With the following specific activity
• Research and develop novel technologies for
  detection of undeclared activities, facilities
  and materials
• Internal resources and expertise
• Member State Support Programmes

5
Novel Technology Unit

• Mr. Julian WhichelloUnit Head

Ms. Cyndee AnneseNuclear Technology Specialist
Ms. Sarah BaldwinAdministrative Support
Mr. Andrew MonteithSG Technology Specialist
6
Verification Detection Technologies
New Instruments and methodologies already in
use by the Agency for safeguards
applications Novel Instruments and
methodologies not applied previously to
safeguards applications
7
Novel Detection TechnologiesNuclear Fuel Cycle
(NFC)
Nuclear Fuel Cycle (NFC)
8
Novel Detection Technologies NFC Indicators /
Signatures
Indicators Entities that go into making the
process operative
Signatures Entities produced by the process
when it is in operation
Nuclear Fuel Cycle Process
Nuclear Fuel Cycle Process

• Examples
• Resources
• Required materials
• Facility design
• Related RD

• Examples
• Produced materials
• Process by-products
• Energy emanations

NFC Process e.g. Enrichment Reprocessing Convers
ion Reactor
9
Novel Detection Technologies NFC Indicators /
Signatures

• Strategy (cont.)
• Review nuclear fuel-cycle processes, identifying
  the most safeguards-useful activity indicators
  and emanating signatures
• Also, identify those indicators and signatures
  with the most promise for detection at a distance
• Perform Safeguards need
• Define technical procedural requirements with
  end-user
• Initiate necessary RD and field tests
• Implementation / hand-over

10
Areas of Interest
Signatures Indicators
11
New IAEA SG Techniques and Equipment in
development

• As discussed in previous presentation
• Next Generation Surveillance System
• RF Seals
• Laser Based Surveillance , Containment and NDA
  measurements

12
Laser based applications Existing and Future
Solutions

• 3 Dimensional Laser Range Finder (3DLR)
• Outdoor Verification system (OVS)
• Combined 3DLR with radiation map
• Laser Item Identification System for UF6
  Cylinders
• Laser Mapping for fuel packaging

13
3D Laser Range Finder - current

• Dedicated tool based on a 3 dimensional laser
  range finder with safeguard adapted software
  (developed under the European Support Program to
  the IAEA).
• First demonstrated in Rokkasho reprocessing plant
  - May 2003. Cells were scanned during
  construction and again just before closing.
  Design Information data were compared, then
  stored at facility under joint seals.

14
3D Laser Range Finder - future

• Combined 3DLR with radiation map, Merging 3D
  models with
• Gamma ray map
• Infra red map
• Outdoor 3DLR
• 3-Dimensional laser range finder
• with broader range,
• coupled to digital camera
• linked to a positioning system enabling scanning
  in movement

15
Laser Item Identification System

• Designed to identify and track the movement of
  UF6 cylinders in enrichment facilities without
  relying on existing or additional tagging
  technology

16
Laser surface mapping for fuel packaging
Pictures Courtesy of the EC/ IPSC/ JRC Ispra
IPSC, V Sequeira.
17
Novel Technologies
Target applications Verification Complementary
access forensics Detection
18
Novel Technologies
Target example applications Verification Neutro
n imaging Tuneable diode laser spectroscopy
(TDLS) Magnetic resonance for flow enrich.
mon. Antineutrino detection Complementa
ry access Laser spectrometry techniques (LIBS,
LALIF) forensics Optically stimulated
luminescence (OSL) Solid state chemical
sensors Ground penetrating radar
(GPR) Detection Mobile laser
spectroscopy Mobile atmospheric gas sampling
analysis Energy emission detection and
analysis
19
Novel Verification TechnologiesNeutron Detection
Matrix Imaging Source LANL

• Need To detect the presence (or to verify the
  absence) of enrichment above declared levels in
  a declared LEU GCEP (e.g countering undeclared
  production or embedded micro-cascade scenarios)
• Novel features Low-power, self-organizing
  network of neutron detectors
• Description

20
New/Novel TechnologiesTuneable Diode Laser
Spectroscopy (TDLS)
Source GPI / Canberra

• Need i) To monitor uranium enrichment in
  UF6continuously
• ( - based on precise specific isotopic
  species excitation)
• ii) Non-intrusive, real time method to detect
  the presence of HF/UF6 in the vicinity of a
  suspected facility (Novel!)

21
Source LANL
Novel Verification TechnologiesNon-intrusive
Enrichment Flow Monitor based on Magnetic
Resonance
Need Non-intrusive enrichment and flow
monitoring for a gas centrifuge facility Novel
features Measures both enrichment and material
flow rate without penetrating cascade
pipe-work. Relatively low magnetic field
requirement
22
Novel Technologies
Target example applications Verification Neutro
n imaging Tuneable diode laser spectroscopy
(TDLS) Magnetic resonance for flow enrich.
mon. Antineutrino detection Complement
ary access Laser spectrometry techniques (LIBS,
LALIF) forensics Optically stimulated
luminescence (OSL) Solid state chemical
sensors Ground penetrating radar
(GPR) Detection Mobile laser
spectroscopy Mobile atmospheric gas sampling
analysis Energy emission detection and
analysis LIBS Laser-induced breakdown
spectroscopy LALIF Laser ablation /
laser-induced fluorescence
23
Novel CA Forensics TechnologiesLaser-Induced
Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)
Source CSSP
24
Novel CA Forensics Technologies Laser Ablation
/ Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LALIF)
Source PNNL

• Need More rapid, on-site material analysis for
  the detection of undeclared enrichment, or
  reprocessing activities
• Novel features Tuneable for 235U/238U, and other
  elements isotopes
• Can easily detect 10µm particles (nanograms)
• Suggested method for pre-screening ES on-site
• Description

Remark(s) Technique is orders of magnitude less
sensitive than NWAL route. However, it does
provide other benefits, including on-site
detection of 236U.
25
Novel CA Forensics TechnologiesOptically
Stimulated Luminescence in Forensics (OSL)
Source CSSP
Need Method to detect if a suspected location
has been used for the storage or use of nuclear
materials
26
Novel CA Forensics TechnologiesSolid-State
Chemical Sensors
Source SNL/RF MSSP

• Need To detect specific chemical compounds
  associated with NFC processes
• Description

Proposed solid-state sensor for the detection of
fluorine and HF, produced by the release of UF6
from nuclear processes.
Sandia's µChemLab BD (bio-detection) unit has
detected seven different forms of the bio-toxin
ricin successfully. Photo by Bud Pelletier.
27
Novel Verification TechnologiesGround
Penetrating Radar (GPR)

• Need Verification of declared underground
  movements of Safeguarded items
• Detection of undeclared underground facilities

• Techniques include
• Ground penetrating radar (HF centimetres of
  penetration VHF metres of penetration)
• Acoustic sonar (either from a sound source, a
  pneumatic hammer or controlled explosive)
• Passive magnetic mapping
• Resistance mapping
• Magneto-telluric (MT), with either natural
  (lightning strikes) or controlled sources
  (kilometres)
• Gravity anomaly measurements
• Terahertz imaging (tens of centimetres)

Remark(s) (i) Different techniques offer
different levels of ground penetration and object
resolution (ii) The Agency has established the
Application of Safeguards to Geological
Repositories (ASTOR) group of experts to advise
on a future integrated safeguards approach for
geological sites.
28
Novel Technologies
Target example applications Verification Neutro
n imaging Tuneable diode laser spectroscopy
(TDLS) Magnetic resonance for flow enrich.
mon. Antineutrino detection Complementa
ry access Laser spectrometry techniques (LIBS,
LALIF) forensics Optically stimulated
luminescence (OSL) Solid state chemical
sensors Ground penetrating radar
(GPR) Detection Mobile laser
spectroscopy Mobile atmospheric gas sampling
analysis Energy emission detection and
analysis
29
Novel Detection TechnologiesLight detection and
ranging (LIDAR)
Source RF MSSP

• Need To detect undeclared nuclear facilities
  and activities

30
Novel Detection TechnologiesSampling and
analysis of atmospheric gases
Source GER MSSP
Need To detect undeclared nuclear facilities
and activities

• Task underway to assess the technique for
  safeguards applications, commencing with
• Development of appropriate safeguards relevant
  scenarios
• Simulation exercises, and
• Cost-benefit analysis of the technique compared
  to current practices

31
Novel Detection TechnologiesSampling and
analysis of atmospheric gases
Source GER MSSP
Description
32
Novel Detection TechnologiesEnergy emission
detection and analysis

• Need To detect undeclared nuclear facilities
  and activities

Infrared (with false colour)
Visible
Hyper-spectral makes chemical identification of
materials possible
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR)
33
Novel Detection TechnologiesEnergy emission
detection and analysis

• Need To detect undeclared nuclear facilities and
  activities

Appropriate electrostatic, magnetic,
electromagnetic or acoustic sensor
Emanations
Inspector Interface
Tuned amplifier detector
Signal Analyser
Functional block diagram of the instrument
Undeclared, or clandestine nuclear process
Plant emanations and background noise
34
Identifying and Matching Needs and Novel
Solutions
Coherent set of prioritized needs
RD Projects / Evaluation / Procurement
35
RD ? Implementation

• The Novel Technologies Project commenced with 5
  short to medium term (2 5 years) tasks
• Further longer-term tasks (5) years are foreseen
• Projects funded by MSSP and managed by NTU

36
Novel Technology Tasks in Progress
37
Novel Technology Tasks in Progress
To date, umbrella tasks have been established
with 12 MSSPs and the European Community

• Small and/or short-duration tasks
• Technical scientific information exchanges
• Assistance with technical requirements
• Expert reviews of proposals
• Provision of experts for short periods
• Assistance with product evaluations and field
  tests

38
Conclusions

• Novel Technologies Project and Unit firmly
  established with ongoing portfolio of technical
  projects
• Further projects to be established upon
  completion of needs foundation document
• Proposed cradle to grave model for
  implementation of novel technologies
• Member State assistance will be crucial to
  successful implementation.