13th Annual AgSafe Conference

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13th Annual AgSafe Conference February 1, 2007 -
Seaside, CA
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Heat Stress 201Practical Adjustment to the Old
Risk and the New Law
13th Annual AgSafe Conference February 1, 2007 -
Seaside, CA

• David Aquino, Sun World International
• Maria Lopez, Valley Harvesting Packing
• Amalia Niedhardt, Cal/OSHA
• Howard Rosenberg, University of California

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Heat for fun
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Heat as a Problem
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Excess Heat Can Harm

• Heat stress An accumulation of heat in the body
  that raises core temperature and threatens normal
  functioning.
• Heat illness A breakdown of normal physical or
  mental functioning that is caused by heat stress
  directly or by the bodys response to it.

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Heat "illnesses"

• Heat stroke
• Heat exhaustion
• Heat syncope (fainting)
• Heat cramps
• Heat rash, other skin ailments
• Subtle impairment - physical mental

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More Hazards from Heat

• Besides causing illness, heat stress raises
  risk of accidents and poor performance.
• Physical discomfort
• Weakness or cramping
• Sweaty, slippery hands
• Blurry vision, fogged glasses
• Slower mental and physical reactions
• Diverted attention, loss of concentration
• Lapses in judgment
• Irritability and anger
• Dizziness, confusion, nausea, fainting

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Where does the heat that stresses us come from?
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High Temperatures in CA AZ

• May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
• Cloverdale 77.5 84.9 90.7 90.0 86.2 77.9
• Modesto 81.5 88.9 94.1 92.3 87.4 78.3
• Watsonville 66.2 67.8 70.2 71.2 73.2 71.8
• Yuma 94.2 103.3 106.6 105.3 100.5 90.3
• Phoenix 93.6 103.5 105.9 103.7 98.3 88.1
• Bakersfield 84.6 92.3 98.4 96.4 90.0 80.6
• El Centro 94.1 104.0 108.0 106.2 101.3 90.0

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A Very Hot Day?
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Activities Generate Heat
activity
kcal/hour
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OSHSB - June 15, 2006
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Basic Requirements

• 1. Provide 1 quart of water per person-hour
• 2. Provide access to shaded rest area, 5 min.
• 3. Provide training
• - all employees
• - supervisory employees
• 4. Document compliance and response plans
• applicable to all outdoor workplaces, all the
  time

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New Rules
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Gore movie and Fresbee news headline
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Today's Discussion

• Introduction
• Guidance from Cal/OSHA
• Meeting challenges on the ground
• drinking water
• shade and rest periods
• training
• Your added ideas and questions
• Implementation issues
• Recap

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Today's Discussion

• Introduction
• Guidance from Cal/OSHA
• Meeting challenges on the ground
• drinking water
• shade and rest periods
• training
• Your added ideas and questions
• Implementation issues
• Recap

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Title 8 Regulations Heat Illness Prevention

• Amalia Neidhardt MPH, CIH
• DOSH Research and Standards Health Unit
• AG Safe Conference
• February 1st, 2007

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Why a New Regulation?

• In 2005, with an unusual period of sustained hot
  weather in July and August, the number of heat
  related illnesses increased dramatically!
• From 1995-2004, there were 31 heat related cases
  investigated by Cal OSHA, with 15 being
  fatalities.
• Agriculture 18 cases (10
  fatalities)
• Most in one year 1998 6 cases investigated
• Construction 9 cases (2
  fatalities)
• Most in one year 2002 4 cases investigated
• Other 4 cases (3 fatality)
• In 2005, there were 25 heat related cases
  investigated by Cal OSHA, with 12 being
  fatalities.
• Agriculture 9 cases (7 fatalities)
• Construction 7 cases (4 fatalities)
• Other 8 cases (1 fatality)

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Title 8 and Heat Illness Prevention

• General Industry Safety OrdersSection 3203 IIPP
• Covers both Indoor and Outdoor Workers
• Indoor Heat- Advisory Committee
• General Industry Safety OrdersSection 3395 Heat
  Illness Prevention
• Covers all Outdoor Workers

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General Industry Safety OrdersSection 3203 IIPP

• Every employer shall establish, implement and
  maintain an effective Injury and Illness
  Prevention Program (IIPP)
• System for communicating with employees on health
  and safety matters
• Identifying and evaluating work place hazards
• Investigate occupational injury or occupational
  illness
• Methods and/or procedures for correcting unsafe
  or unhealthy conditions
• Provide training and instruction

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T8 Section 3395 Heat Illness Prevention

• Adopted by the Standards Board, went into effect
  July 27, 2006.
• This section applies to all outdoor places of
  employment, to control the risk of occurrence of
  heat illness.
• Title 8 regulations, such as the IIPP, drinking
  water and first aid, remain applicable to both
  indoor and outdoor heat exposures.

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Required Provisions Under T8 CCR 3395

• WATER
• SHADE
• TRAINING
• WRITTEN PROCEDURES

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Water Provisions

• Provided in sufficient quantities (where it is
  not plumbed) One quart per employee per hour
  for their entire shift.
• May begin shift with smaller quantities, if
  effective procedures for replenishment are in
  place.

• The frequent drinking of water shall be
  encouraged.

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Shade

• Preventative recovery period
• For employees believing it is needed to recover
  from the heat to prevent heat illness, or
  suffering from heat illness.
• Shall be no less than 5 minutes.
• Access to shade shall be permitted at all times.

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Heat Illness Prevention Training

• Shall be provided to all supervisory and
  non-supervisory employees
• Environmental and personal risk factors
• Employers heat illness prevention procedures
• Importance of frequent consumption of small
  quantities of water.
• Acclimatization
• Different types of heat illness, signs and
  symptoms

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Heat Illness Prevention Training

• Importance of immediately reporting to the
  employer, any signs or symptoms of heat illness
• Employers procedures for responding to possible
  heat illness and how will emergency medical
  services will be provided

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Heat Illness Prevention Training

• Procedures for contacting emergency medical
  services, and if necessary for transporting
  employees to a point where they can be reached by
  an emergency medical service provider.

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Heat Illness Prevention Training

• How to provide clear and precise directions to
  the work site.

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Supervisors Heat Illness Prevention Training

• The information required to be provided to
  employees during training.
• Procedures for supervisors to follow to implement
  this section.
• Procedures to follow when an employee exhibits
  symptoms consistent with heat illness.

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Employers Heat IllnessPrevention Procedures

• Shall be in writing, and
• Made available to employees and to
  representatives of the Division upon request.

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Enforcement Activities

• Cal OSHA Enforcement
• Economic and Enforcement Employment Coalition
  (EEEC)
• Enforcement Activity Data

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Cal OSHA Enforcement

• Accident and Complaint Inspections
• Efforts also extended to investigating reported
  heart attacks to employees who had been working
  in high heat environments.
• Preventative Planned Enforcement Inspections
• Focusing where employees are working in high heat
  environments and based on Heat Wave Forecasts

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Enforcement Activity Data

• CALENDAR YEAR 2006
• Cal OSHA Enforcement Investigations
• 38 potential heat related illnesses
• 14 being fatalities
• 6 complaints
• Planned Enforcement Inspections
• 127 Inspections

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Citation Data
Total 108 Violations, with 55 Serious Citations
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NEED HELP?

• Consultation Services Provide
• Employer on Site Assistance
• Training and Educational Outreach
• Publications
• www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/PubOrder.asp
• Call toll free [phone]

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KEEP AN EYE OUT FOR HEATWAVES

• During a heat wave, the number of reported heat
  related incidents increased (2005, 2006).
• Even people used to working outdoors need to
  acclimatize to the sudden rise in ambient
  temperature, which means a higher risk!

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KEEP AN EYE OUT FOR HEATWAVES

• Take Extra Precautions
• Be extra vigilant, monitor workers and use the
  Buddy System.
• Time your shift to perform heavy work during the
  cooler parts of the day.
• Increase the number of water and rest breaks.
  Add ice to the water.
• Provide shade whenever possible and encourage
  workers to rest in the shade.
• Provide quick reminders to encourage workers to
  drink water often and to report any signs or
  symptoms immediately.
• Consider ending your shifts earlier.

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KEEP AN EYE OUT FOR HEATWAVES

• National Weather Service
• weather.noaa.gov/weather/CA_cc_us.html
• iwin.nws.noaa.gov/iwin/ca/ca.html
• NIOSH
• www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/heatstress/

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For Additional Information

• Cal/OSHA Heat Related Illness Information
• www.dir.ca.gov
• www.dir.ca.gov/DOSH/HeatIllnessInfo.html
• Heat illness prevention standard, rulemaking
  history and schedule.
• DOSH Enforcement QA for the Heat Illness
  Emergency Regulation
• Guidance for workers (English Spanish)

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Other Resources
www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/HIP_SP.pdf
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Today's Discussion

• Introduction
• Guidance from Cal/OSHA
• Meeting challenges on the ground
• drinking water
• shade and rest periods
• training
• Your added ideas and questions
• Implementation issues
• Recap

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Meeting the challenges
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Agotamiento / Insolación

• Para evitar el agotamiento / insolación debe
  beber mucha
• agua, aun cuando no tenga sed.
• Llevar sombreros para protegerse del sol.
• No beber alcohol antes de entrar a trabajar.

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ADVERTENCIAAVISO DE PRECAUCIÓN CONTRA LA
INSOLACIÓN

• Síntomas del Agotamiento /Síntomas de la
  Insolación Relacionados con el Calor
• Debilidad Confusión mental
• Fatiga Perdida de conciencia
• Mareos Convulsiones
• Nausea Temperatura corporal de 106 grados o mas
  dolores de estomago o vómitos
• Jaqueca Perdida de coordinación
• Calambres Piel caliente y seca, que puede ponerse
  roja, con manchas o azulada

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Protéjase haciendo lo siguiente

• ? No beber alcohol antes de entrar a trabajar, es
  más fuerte la probabilidad de insolación.
• ? Beber mucha agua, aun cuando no tengan sed
• Llevar sombreros para protegerse del sol
• ? Llevar ropa ligera, de color claro y amplia
  (como de algodón)
• Abstenerse de beber cerveza o alcohol
• ? No tome o aumente la cantidad de sal o potasio
  sin receta o autorización de su medico

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Meeting challenges (cont.)
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1. Water
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A personal "hydration system"
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2. Shade for Recovery
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3. Training Education
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Training Topics for Workers

• Environmental and personal "risk factors"
• Importance of frequent water consumption when
  sweat rate is higher than usual
• Importance of acclimatization
• Common signs and symptoms of heat illness
• Importance of immediately reporting signs to
  employer
• Employers procedures for responding to symptoms
• Emergency contact transportation procedures
• How employer will assure good directions in
  emergency
• Other procedures for complying with this standard

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Training Choices

• What form?
• Who delivers?
• Where to hold meetings?
• When to provide?
• Content -- how deep to explain?
• What materials to draw on?

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Training Aids References

• Key points handout
• UC-CFBF card
• Cal/OSHA card
• WG card
• FLCA card

• FELS video
• Proteus flip-charts
• LOHP tailgate guide
• Cal/OSHA er guide
• online list _at_ apmp

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for a supply of cards Danielle Rau,
heatstress_at_cfbf.com or 800-698-3276
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Other Aids References http//apmp.berkeley.edu/
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Today's Discussion

• Introduction
• Guidance from Cal/OSHA
• Meeting challenges on the ground
• drinking water
• shade and rest periods
• training
• Your ideas and questions
• Implementation issues
• Recap

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Other Cooling Devices
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RTX Technology
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Today's Discussion

• Introduction
• Guidance from Cal/OSHA
• Meeting challenges on the ground
• drinking water
• shade and rest periods
• training
• Your ideas and questions
• Implementation issues
• Recap

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More issues?

• Waste of water or hauling effort
• Abuse of the right to preventive rest
• Reprisals for taking a preventive rest
• Employee disinterest or disregard of training
• Ultimate effectiveness in reducing costs of
  discomfort, performance impairment, illness,
  injury, and operational disruption

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A standard for indoor work?
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Today's Discussion

• Introduction
• Guidance from Cal/OSHA
• Meeting challenges on the ground
• drinking water
• shade and rest periods
• training
• Your ideas and questions
• Implementation issues
• Recap

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Key Points to Take Home

• Heat stress is common in (and out) of agriculture
• Effects could hurt people and business operations
• Exercise physiology offers guidance
• Principles can be better applied
• The new rule requires employers to take steps
• Emphasis is on water, rest/shade, and education
• Education references available
• Important choices to make within the legal bounds

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howardr_at_are.berkeley.edu
The End