Protocols and Standards

1
Protocols and Standards

• Protocols
• A set of rules that govern data communications
• What is communicated?
• How it is communicated?
• When it is communicated?
• Key elements Syntax, Semantics, and Timing

2
Protocols

• Syntax
• Structure or Format of data
• Order of data
• Example
• Address of Receiver (First 8 bit)
• Address of Sender (Second 8 bit)
• Message (rest of bits)

3
Protocols (continue)

• Semantics (control information)
• Meaning of each section of bits
• Bit pattern and interpretation
• Command or action

4
Protocols (continue)

• Timing
• Sequencing When to send?
• Speed How fast it can be sent?

5
Standards

• Provides a model for govern the PHYSICAL,
  ELECTRICAL and PROCEDURAL characteristics of
  communication equipment

6
Standards (continue)

• Advantages
• Assures that there will be a large market for a
  particular piece of equipment or software
• Allows products from multiple vendors to
  communicate (more selections)

7
Standards (continue)

• Disadvantages
• Tends to freeze the technology
• Multiple conflicting standards