Industrial Trades Basics Safety

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Industrial Trades BasicsSafety

• August 21, 2009

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OSHA

• OSHA is the Occupational Safety Health
  Administration.
• Mission save lives, prevent injuries, and
  protect the health of Americas workers
• Nearly every worker in America comes under OSHAs
  jurisdiction.
• Exceptions include some miners, transportation
  workers, some many employees, and the
  self-employed.

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Code of Federal Regulations

• The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) covers the
  OSHA standards regarding
• General industry in Part 1910, and
• The construction industry in Part 1926
• Either or both may apply to you, depending on
  what you are doing
• Applies to residential and commercial
  construction

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Code of Federal Regulations

• 29 CFR 1926 is divided into 26 subparts, each a
  letter of the alphabet.
• Subpart C addresses construction maintenance
  work

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Code of Federal Regulations

• 29 CFR 1926 Subpart C covers
• Safety training education
• Injury reporting and recording
• First aid and medical attention
• Housekeeping
• Illumination
• Sanitation
• PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)

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Code of Federal Regulations

• 29 CFR 1926 Subpart C covers
• Standards incorporated by reference
• Definitions
• Access to employee exposure medical records
• Means of egress
• Employee emergency action plans

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General Duty Clause

• The general duty clause is an overall guideline
  in case a specific job situation isnt covered in
  the CFR
• Failure to follow the general duty clause can
  result in financial penalties for the employer

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General Duty Clause

• If the following conditions are present, a
  general duty citation may be issues
• Employers fail to keep the workplace free of a
  hazard at the worksite
• The hazard was recognized
• The hazard caused or was likely to cause serious
  injury or death
• There was a feasible and useful method to correct
  the hazard

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Employee Rights Responsibilities

• Employers have the duty to keep workers safe.
• Employees have the responsibility to follow
  safety rules guidelines.
• Workers cannot be cited or fined by OSHA.

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Employee Rights Responsibilities

• Employees have the right to file a complaint
  against your employer.
• You may submit a written request to OSHA for an
  inspection of your worksite.
• Workers who file a complaint against their
  employer can have their names withheld from their
  employer.

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Employee Rights Responsibilities

• Employees who request an on-site inspection have
  the following rights
• You must be informed of imminent dangers.
• You have the right to accompany the OSHA
  inspector in the walk-around inspection.
• You have the right to be told about citations
  issued at your workplace.

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Inspections

• OSHA conducts six types of inspections
• Imminent danger inspections
• Catastrophe inspections
• Worker complaint and referral inspections
• Programmed inspection
• Follow-up inspection
• Monitoring inspection

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Imminent Danger Inspection

• This is OSHAs top priority for inspection and is
  conducted when workers face an immediate risk of
  death or serious physical harm.

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Catastrophe Inspections

• Performed after an accident that requires
  hospitalization of three or more workers.
• Employers are required to report fatalities and
  catastrophes to OSHA within eight hours.

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Worker Complaint Referral Inspections

• Conducted due to complaints by workers or a
  worker representative, or a referral from a
  recognized professional.

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Programmed Inspection

• Aimed at high-risk areas based on OSHAs
  targeting and priority methods.

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Follow-Up Inspection

• Follow-up inspections are performed after
  citations to assure employer has corrected
  violations.

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Monitoring Inspection

• These are used for long-term abatement follow-up
  or to assure compliance with variances.

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Inspections

• Complaint inspections are typically limited to
  the hazards listed on the complaint.
• Complaint inspections are performed based on
  severity of the severity of the alleged hazard
  and number of workers exposed, not necessarily
  when the complaints were received.

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Inspections

• During a walk-around inspection, the inspector
• Observes job site conditions
• Talks to workers
• Inspects records
• Examines posted warnings and hazard signs
• Points out hazards and solutions

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Violations

• Employers who violate OSHA regulations can be
  fined.
• Fines can damage an companys reputation.
• Fines can be as high as 70,000 for each willful
  violation.
• In 2002 there were over 78,000 fines at
  70,000/violation.

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Compliance

• Employees have a responsibility to comply with
  their employers safety program.
• Employers must have written programs and training
  on hazards.
• Employees must read and understand the OSHA
  poster at the job site explaining employee rights
  responsibilities.

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Compliance

• Employers are required to provide a competent
  person to ensure the safety of the employees

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Competent Person

• A competent person is one who is capable of
  identifying existing and predictable hazards in
  the surroundings or working conditions which are
  unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees,
  and who has the authorization to take prompt
  corrective measures to eliminate them.

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Qualified Person

• A qualified person is one who, by possession
  of a recognized degree, certificate, or
  professional standing, or who by extensive
  knowledge, training, and experience, has
  successfully demonstrated his ability to solve or
  resolve problems relating to the subject matter,
  work, or the project.

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Record Keeping

• OSHA 29 CFR 1904 outlines the recording and
  reporting information for all occupational
  injuries and illnesses.
• Its purpose is to inform employers how and when
  to report and record workplace fatalities,
  injuries, and illnesses.

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Reporting Injuries, Accidents, Incidents

• There are three categories of on-the-job events
• Injuries anything that requires treatment
• Accidents anything that causes injury or
  property damage
• Incidents anything that could have caused an
  injury or damage, but did not

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Four High Hazard Areas

• Construction has four leading causes of death.
  These areas comprise 82 of construction
  fatalities.
• Falls
• Struck-by hazards
• Caught-in or caught-between hazards
• Electrical hazards

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Falls

• Falls from elevation are accidents involving
  failure of, failure to provide, or failure to use
  appropriate fall protection.

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Struck-By Accidents

• These accidents involve unsafe operation of
  equipment, machinery, and vehicles, as well as
  improper handling of materials.

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Caught-In or Caught Between

• These accidents involve unsafe operation of
  equipment, machinery, and vehicles, as well as
  improper safety procedures at trench sites and in
  other confined spaces.

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Videos

• Forklift incident
• Awareness
• Electrical Accident
• Crane Accident

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Electrical Accidents

• Electrical shock accidents involve contact with
  overhead wires, use of defective tools, failure
  to disconnect power source before repairs, or
  improper ground fault protection.

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Evacuation Procedures

• Evacuation procedures go into effect when
  dangerous situations arise, such as fires,
  chemical spills, and gas leaks.
• There may be different evacuation procedures or
  routes depending on the specific emergency or
  circumstance
• Examples?

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Hazard Recognition, Evaluation, Control

• The more aware you are of your surroundings
  and the hazards in them, the less likely you are
  to be involved in an accident.

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Hazard Recognition

• How can this situation cause harm?
• What types of energy sources are present?
• What is the magnitude of the energy?
• What can go wrong to release the energy?
• How can the energy be eliminated or controlled?
• Will I be exposed to any hazardous materials?

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Injury-Causing Accidents

• Falls on the same elevations or falls from
  elevations
• Being caught in, on, or between equip.
• Being struck by falling objects
• Contact w/ acid, electricity, heat, cold,
  radiation, pressurized liquid, gas, or toxic
  substances

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Injury-Causing Accidents

• Being cut by tools or equipment
• Exposure to high noise levels
• Repetitive motion or excessive vibration

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Injury-Causing Accidents
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Types of Energy Release

• Mechanical
• Pneumatic
• Hydraulic
• Electrical
• Chemical

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Types of Energy Release

• Thermal
• Radioactive
• Gravitational
• Stored Energy

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Mechanical

• The energy of moving objects
• Examples Moving vehicles, airplane in flight,
  wrecking ball, etc.

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Pneumatic

• Air pressure.
• Examples air compressors, compressed gas in
  cylinders, etc.

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Hydraulic

• Fluid Pressure
• Examples Hydraulic press, backhoe arm movement,
  etc.

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Electrical

• Electrical energy
• Examples Wall outlet, solar modules produce
  electricity, wind turbines produce electricity,
  generators, batteries, etc.

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Chemical

• Examples Fertilizers, pool cleaners, cleaning
  fluids, acids, etc. Can be a solid (one piece,
  many pieces, powders, etc.), liquid, or gas.

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Thermal

• Heat
• Examples Hot water tank, ovens, cutting torch,
  hot exhaust pipe, fire

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Radioactive

• Examples Nuclear plant, x-ray machine/facility,
  nuclear waste.

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Gravitational

• Examples falling objects. Tools falling from
  roof, person falling off of ladder, equipment
  rolling down a hill.

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Stored Energy

• Examples compressed spring, pressurized air,
  water contained by a dam

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Job Safety Analysis Task Safety Analysis

• Job Safety Analysis (JSA), a.k.a. Job Hazard
  Analysis (JHA), is one form of hazard
  recognition.
• Task Safety Analysis (TSA) is another technique.
  Also known as Task Hazard Analysis (TSA).

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Job Safety Analysis

• In a JSA, a task is broken down into its
  individual parts or steps, then each step is
  analyzed for its potential hazards.
• Once a hazard is identified, certain actions or
  procedures are recommended that will correct the
  hazard.

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Job Safety Analysis

• JSAs can be used as pre-planning tools. They
  contain the following information
• Tools, materials, and equipment needs
• Staffing or manpower requirements
• Duration of the job
• Quality concerns

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Risk Assessment

• Risk is a measure of the probability,
  consequences, and exposure related to an event.
• A safe operation is one in which there is an
  acceptable level of risk. This means there is a
  low probability of an accident and the
  consequences and exposure risk are acceptable.

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JSA TSA in Text

• Pgs. 1.14 and 1.16 on web site

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Homework

• Read 1.16 through 1.20 in the Core Curriculum,
  Introductory Craft Skills Text
• Have a great weekend!