Module 4

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Module 4 Language of the World
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Reading Practice
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Words preview
refer toas enthusiasm inquiry distort extract orn
ament discourse
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??,??
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disposition execute counsel marshalling sloth affe
ction scholar bound
n.??,?? v.??(???) n.??,?? n.??(?????) n.??,?? n.??
n.?? v.???
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crafty confute swallow digest diligence deputy dis
till flashy
adj.??? v.??,???? v.??,?? v.??,?? n.??,?? n.??? v.
??(??) adj.???,???
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Francis Bacon
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Reading makes a full man conference a ready man
and writing an exact man. --Francis
Bacon
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1 What do you think this means? Reading makes a
person complete because you can read about many
different topics discussion makes one prepared,
because you need to be alert to have a good
argument with someone writing teaches you to be
precise and ordered in expressing yourself.
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Discussion
2 Do you agree? 3 Is there a similar idea
expressed by a Chinese thinker?
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Reading
Francis Bacon An Introduction
1 Which was Bacon most enthusiastic about
science, art or learning? Science.
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2 Why is Bacon referred to as a Renaissance
man? Because he was an expert in several
fields. 3 How does the Baconian method work? You
use reason to interpret nature and to establish
facts.
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Reading
From of studies
Lines between 1 business./For 2 learned. /To 3
experience./Crafty 4 observation./Read 5
consider./Some 6 things./Reading
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After Reading
1 (b) 2 (e) 3 (c) 4 (f) 5 (d) 6 (a)
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1 Ornament means decoration. How can you use
studies for decoration? To decorate your life
with pleasant ideas. 2 A plot is a plan. What
might learned men plot? Their studies, their
future actions.
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3 Sloth is a personal characteristic. Is it
likely to be a positive or negative
characteristic? Negative (laziness). 4 A humour
is a state of mind which is motivated by personal
feelings, and not reason. Does it have a positive
or a negative meaning here? Negative.
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5 Crafty means skilful. Does it have a positive
or a negative meaning here? Negative. 6 Read by
deputy means that a book is read an interpreted
by someone else. When might this be useful? If
you dont have time to read it yourself.
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1 Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and
for ability. Crafty men condemn studies, simple
men admire them, and wise men use them. Some
books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed,
and some few to be chewed and digested.
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Antithesis
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They each make three points. This gives a sense
of logic and planning which makes one believe
what the writer says. The last sentence is
another example.
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predicative
subject
2 To spend too much time in studies is sloth to
use them too much for ornament, is affectation
to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the
humour of a scholar.
antithesis
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predicate
adverbial
Read not to contradict and confute nor to
believe and take for granted nor to find talk
and discourse but to weigh and consider.
Balanced Sentence
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They give different examples of behaviour, then
make a judgement about what is best. It makes the
passage sound like a well-reasoned argument.
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Discussion
1 Do you think the passage is written to be read
silently or to be read aloud, like a speech? Try
reading the passage silently and then aloud.
Which do you prefer? 2 Which of the words that
Bacon uses in the passage can you use to describe
it? delight ornament affectation
learned argument 3 Did you enjoy reading the
passage? Can you explain why or why not?
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Cultural Corner
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Words preview
virus worm file avalanche infect attachment
n.?? n.???? n.??,?? n.????????? v.?? n.??
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(No Transcript)
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1 Why are computer viruses dangerous? Because
they can destroy the files and information you
have on your computer. 2 How do computer viruses
spread around the world? They enter personal
computers through emails and chat rooms.
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Task Prepare a talk about your mother tongue
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Skills building1 English Rhetorical Methods
(?????) in this unit 1 Balanced Sentence (???)
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e.g. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and
for ability. Read not to contradict and
confute nor to believe and take for granted nor
to find talk and discourse but to weigh and
consider.
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Dose it make the passage sound like a well
reasoned argument, or like a set of instructions
or advice?
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2 Antithesis (???) Crafty men condemn studies,
simple men admire them, and wise men use them. To
spend too much time in studies is sloth to use
them too much for ornament is affectation to
make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor
of a scholar.
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3 Allusion (??, ??) I speak Spanish to God,
Italian to women, French to men, and German to my
horse.
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Skills building 2 How to decide the
outline? Before writing a composition about your
mother tongue, you can first decide the outline
of it. That is, from what aspects can you
describe your mother tongue. Maybe you can
introduce the following aspects of your mother
tongue.
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Is it a language most different from English? Is
it easy to spell ? Is it easy to write? Is it
difficult to learn? Is it interesting? Does it
have complicated grammar?
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A possible version
Hello, dear friends. Now, I will introduce my
mother tongue to you. My mother tongue is
Chinese. Maybe it is one of the most different
languages from English.
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Compared with English, the pronunciation is much
easier. But it is common that many characters
have the same pronunciation, so you must be able
to tell one from another according to the related
contents. Chinese characters are more difficult
to write than English and some may have very
complicated structures.
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One thing I want to emphasize is that its grammar
is largely the same with that of English. That
will make it a little easier for you to study
Chinese. Anyway. Chinese is an interesting
language. If you have grasped it, you can use it
to express anything you want to vividly.
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Thank you!