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ITU Standardization and its new
Environment Accra, Ghana, 27 May 2004 by Houlin
ZHAO Director Telecommunication Standardization
Bureau (TSB) International Telecommunication
Union, Geneva Place des Nations - CH-1211 Geneva
20 - Switzerland Tel [phone] Fax 41
22 730 5853 E-mail tsbdir_at_itu.int ITU Home page
address http//www.itu.int
2
1837 Invention of the first electric
telegraph 1844 Samuel Morse sent his first public
message over a telegraph Iine between Washington
and Baltimore 1865 Foundation of the
International Telegraph Union by twenty States 17
May with the adoption of the first Convention.
First Telegraph Regulations. 1876 Alexander
Graham Bell patents his invention of the
telephone 1924 Paris - Creation of CCIF
(International Telephone Consultative
Committee) 1925 Paris - Creation of CCIT
(International Telegraph Consultative
Committee) 1927 Washington - Creation of the CCIR
(Intl. Radio Consultative Committee) 1932 Madrid
- Plenipotentiary Conference. Telegraph Union
changes name to International Telecommunication
Union 1947 ITU becomes a Specialized Agency of
the United Nations 1956 Geneva - CCIF and CCIT
merged into CCITT (International Telegraph and
Telephone Consultative Committee) 1992 Geneva -
Plenipotentiary Conference. Creation of 3
Sectors ITU-T replaces CCITT, ITU-R replaces
IFRB, CCIR, and ITU-D replaces TCD
ITU Landmarks
3
Structure of the ITU
4
"The functions of the Telecommunication
Standardization Sector shall be, bearing in
mind the particular concerns of the developing
countries, to fulfill the purposes of the Union
relating to telecommunication standardization,
as stated in Article 1 of this Constitution, by
studying technical, operating and tariff
Questions and adopting Recommendations on them
with a view to standardizing telecommunications
on a worldwide basis"
Functions of ITU-T
5
CCITT (International Telegraph and Telephone
Consultative Committee) 1956 1st Plenary
Assembly 1960 2nd Plenary Assembly Red
Books 1964 3rd Plenary Assembly Blue
Books 1968 4th Plenary Assembly White
Books 1972 5th Plenary Assembly Green
Books 1976 6th Plenary Assembly Orange
Books 1980 7th Plenary Assembly Yellow
Books 1984 8th Plenary Assembly Red
Books 1988 9th Plenary Assembly Blue
Books ITU-T (International Telecommunication
Union - Telecom. Standardization Sector) 1993
1st World Telecommunication Standardization
Conference (WTSC-93), Helsinki 1996 2nd World
Telecommunication Standardization Conference
(WTSC-96), Geneva 2000 3rd World
Telecommunication Standardization Assembly
(WTSA-2000), Montreal
CCITT and ITU-T
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• Workshop / forum
• Focus Group
• Joint Group
• Project team

Organizational Structure of ITU-T
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Study Group 2 Operational aspects of service
provision, networks and performance Study
Group 3 Tariff and accounting principles
including related telecommunications economic
and policy issues Study Group 4 Telecommunicati
on management, including TMN Study Group
5 Protection against electromagnetic
environment effects Study Group 6 Outside
plant Study Group 9 Integrated broadband cable
networks and television and sound
transmission Study Group 11 Signalling
requirements and protocols
ITU-T Study Groups and TSAG
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Study Group 12 End-to-end transmission
performance of networks and terminals Study
Group 13 Multi-protocol and IP-based networks
and their internetworking Study Group
15 Optical and other transport networks Study
Group 16 Multimedia services, systems and
terminals Study Group 17 Data networks and
telecommunication software SSG IMT-2000 and
Beyond TSAG Telecommunication Standardization
Advisory Group
(Priorities IP, Mobility, next generation,
security, )
ITU-T Study Groups and TSAG
9
Approval of new and revised Recommendations
- Sequence of events (TAP)
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(a)

3 weeks

4 weeks

LC

(b)



SG


Directors

Meeting

Announcement


(c)

and Posting

SG or

Edited

Directors


WP

Text

Announcement

Meeting

for LC

and Posting

3 weeks

(b)

for LC


(a)

AR



(b)



Approved

(a)

Comment

Directors


Resolution


Announcement

Directors

Edited

and Posting

Notification

Text

for AR



Available



LC

Last Call

AR

Additional Review

AAP Sequence of Events(extract from Rec. A.8)
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• Questions (projects)
• Contributions driven (normal contributions,
  delayed contributions, temporary documents)
• face-to-face meeting
• - debate, determination, approval of reports,
  approval of Questions - SG/WP meetings
  decision making Rapporteur meetings develop
  texts
• Decision consensus, unanimous agreements
• Recommendations (Amendments, Corrigenda,
  supplements)
• draft Recommendations, determined draft
  Recommendations
• approved Recommendations, pre-published
  Recommendations, published Recommendations
• Implementors Guides
• Meeting reports
• Electronic submissions, web consultations,
  email, ftp
• Paperless meeting LAN/Wireless LAN
  connections in meeting rooms

Working methods
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Series A Organization of the work of the
ITU-T Series B Means of expression
definitions, symbols, classification Series
C General telecommunication statistics Series
D General tariff principles Series E Overall
network operation, telephone service, service
operation and human factors Series
F Non-telephone telecommunication
services Series G Transmission systems and
media, digital systems and networks Series
H Audiovisual and multimedia systems Series
I Integrated services digital network
ITU-T Recommendations Series (1)
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Series J Transmission of television, sound
programme and other multimedia signals Series
K Protection against interference Series
L Construction, installation and protection of
cables and other elements of outside
plant Series M TMN and network maintenance
international transmission systems, telephone
circuits, telegraphy, facsimile and leased
circuits Series N Maintenance international
sound programme and television transmission
circuits Series O Specifications of measuring
equipment Series P Telephone transmission
quality, telephone installations, local line
networks
ITU-T Recommendations Series (2)
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Series Q Switching and signalling Series
R Telegraph transmission Series S Telegraph
services terminal equipment Series T Terminals
for telematic services Series U Telegraph
switching Series V Data communication over the
telephone network Series X Data networks and
open system communication Series Y Global
information infrastructure and internet protocol
aspects Series Z Languages and general software
aspects for telecommunication systems
ITU-T Recommendations Series (3)
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Best selling texts (in the order of download
number from 09/01-01/04) H.248.x
series H.323 Z.100 H.263 G.707 H.262 H.324
E.164 M.3100 H.245 Q.764 X.680 G.703 H.223
G.728 Q.761 T.38 Q.762 G.783 Q.850 Q.763
Q.931 T.30 G.729 Some well-known ITU-T
Recommendations E.190 E.212G.652 G.655 G.692
G.720 G.723 Annex Adisk G.780-series
(SDH) G.826 G.957 G.982 G.990-series
(xDSL) H.248 H.324 H.450 I.365 I.432 I.731
J.112 J.117 M.3010 M.3100 M.3400 Q.931 Q.1700-se
ries (IMT-2000) T.37 T.38 V.34 V.44
V.59 V.90 V.92 X.25 X.36 X.509
X.680-series (ASN.1) X.690 X.840-series Y.1310
Y.1540
Best Sellers of ITU-T Recommendations09.2001-01.2
004
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Approval and publication time of Recommendations
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Three major items - IP-related
issues - IMT-2000 - Accounting rates Other
items - Multi-media, access networks (xDSL),
optical transmission, security, numbering and
addressing, inter-operabilities, IPR, etc.
ITU-T's main work areas
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• 7 kHz band - wideband (G.722-series)
• 4 kHz band - analogue
• 64 kbit/s - PCM, G.711, 1972
• 32 kbit/s - ADPCM, G.721, 1984
• 16 kbit/s - G.728, 1992
• 8 kbit/s - G.729, 1996
• 4 kbit/s - G.4kbps

ITU-Ts work on voice coding
19

• Classic facsimile (G3, G4) T.4, T.6
• B/W still pictures (JBIG) T.82, T.83
• Cont. tone colour (JPEG) T.81
• (lossless) (JPEG-LS) T.86
• (JPEG-2000) T.800

ITU-Ts work on still picture coding
20

• H.261 - video coding at n x 64 kbit/s
• H.262 - generic video and audio coding
• H.263 - video coding for low bit rates
• H.264 - improved multimedia video coding
  (vs. MPEG-4)

ITU-Ts work on moving picture coding
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622 Mbit/s
OPTICAL ACCESS
50 Mbit/s
VDSL
25 Mbit/s
8 Mbit/s
HDSL/ ADSL
2 Mbit/s
640 kbit/s
ISDN
128 kbit/s
Analog modems
56.6 kbit/s
28.8 kbit/s
Year
9.6 kbit/s
1989
1997
2000
Access network
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• E.164
• G.707 (SDH), G.709 (OTN), G.722 (7 kHz), G.728
  (16 kbit/s), G.729 (8 kbit/s), G.99x (xDSL)
• H.248 (gateway), H.323 (multimedia systems)
• I.365 (FR), I.432 (B-ISDN), I.732 (ATM)
• J.112 (Cable TV), J.16x J.17x (IPCablecom)
• M.3120 (CORBA for TMN)
• Q.933 (DSS1), Q.1300 (TASC), Q.1930 (BICC),
  Q.27xx (B-ISDN), Q.29xx (DSS2)
• T.37, T.38 (IPfax), T.12x (multimedia
  conference)
• V.29 (9.6 K modem), V.34 (34 kbit/s), V.90/V.92
  (56 kbit/s)
• X.25, X.75, X.76 (FR), X.85 (IP over SDH), X.86
  (Ethernet over LAPS), X.121, X.4xx (MHS), X.5xx
  (Directory),

ITU-Ts products for IP-networks
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• Specified IMT-2000 systems and its spectrums
• Interworking functions to be used with existing
  and evolving IMT-2000 systems
• Convergence of fixed and existing IMT-2000
  systems
• New Generation of mobile systems

ITU-Ts mobile communications
24

• Quality of Service (QoS)
• Numbering and routing
• Security
• Tariffs and Accounting rates
• Interworking

Ensuring global interoperability
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Administrations (65/832) Members 189 ROAs (63/461) Members 163 SIOs (121/664) Members 173 Associates (31/53) Members 82
U.S.A. 144 FT 43 Nortel 291212 eAccess 5
China 95 Telekomunikacja Polska 38 NTT 47 3 OFS Fitel 5
U.K. 55 China Telecom. Corp. 29 Alcatel 98291221 Opticom 3
Germany 45 BT 27 Cisco Systems 34 SwissQual 3
France 33 Deutsche Telekom 26 Siemens 2515 Telekom Srpske 3
India 32 KDDI 19 ETRI 29 ACCA Networks 2
Brazil 31 Bharat Sanchar Nigam 18 Huawei Tech. 25 AULM 2
Syrian Arab Rep. 30 Telenor ASA 17 Lucent Tech. 12912 ElectriPHY 2
Italy 29 AT T 14 L.M. Ericsson 211 Harris 2
Canada 26 NTT DoCoMo 14 ZTE 21 Octasic Semicond. 2
Japan 25 Telecom Italia 13 Infineon 13111 Okinasa Photonics 2
Korea (Rep. of) 22 TeliaSonera 13 NEC 12 Telchemy 2
Russian Federation 20 BELGACOM 11 Fujitsu 11 Teraburst Networks 2
Total 587(70) Total 282 (61) Total 371 (56) Total 35 (66)
Top Members participation (2003)
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Country Number of Delegates
China 95
India 32
Brazil 31
Syrian Arab Republic 30
Korea (Rep. of) 22
Russian Federation 20
Hungary 15
Israel 15
Australia 14
Thailand 13
Mexico 12
Switzerland 11
Ukraine 11
Total 321

NB G7 USA, France, UK, Germany, Italy, Japan,
Canada
Top 13 attendees, except G7 countries,
Administrations, 2003
27
. .
Company Number of Delegates Country
Telekomunikacja Polska 38 Poland
China Telecommunications Corp 29 China
Bharat Sanchar Nigam 18 India
Telenor ASA 17 Norway
TeliaSonera 13 Sweden
BELGACOM 11 Belgium
Community of Yugoslav PTT 10 Serbia and Montenegro
Swisscom 10 Switzerland
Telekom Austria 10 Austria
Rostelecom 9 Russian Federation
China Unicom 7 China
China Mobile Comm. Corp 6 China
KT Corporation 6 Korea (Rep. of)
Total 184


NB G7 USA, France, UK, Germany, Italy, Japan,
Canada
Top 13 attendees, except G7 countries, ROAs, 2003
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Company Number of delegates Country
ETRI 29 Korea (Rep. Of)
Huawei Technologies 25 China
L.M. Ericsson 21 Sweden
ZTE 21 China
Samsung Electronics 10 Korea (Rep. Of)
ITEK 9 Denmark
Lucent Tech. Nederland 9 Netherlands
Nokia Corporation 9 Finland
Alcatel Bell 8 Belgium
Tellabs Oy 8 Finland
Matalink 5 Israel
Actelis Networks 3 Israel
GIGA ApS 3 Denmark
Total 160
NB G7 USA, France, UK, Germany, Italy, Japan,
Canada
Top 13 attendees, except G7 countries, SIOs, 2003
29
Company Number of Delegates Country
SwissQual 3 Switzerland
Telecom Srpske 3 Bosnia and Herzegovina
AULM 2 Switzerland
ASTRI 1 China
RAD Data Communications 1 Israel
Transmode Systems 1 Sweden
Tyco Electronics Raychem 1 Belgium
Total 12
NB G7 USA, France, UK, Germany, Italy, Japan,
Canada
Top attendees, except G7 countries, Associates,
2003
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• International SDOs ISO, IEC, WSC ISO/IEC JTC1
• Regional SDOs ATIS, TIA, TSACC, TTA, TTC, ARIB,
  CCSA, ETSI, ACIF, GSC
• For internet IETF/ISOC, ICANN, ccTLDs, etc.
• Many Forums/SDOs such as IEEE, 3GPPs, ATM, TMF,
  
• Regional Telecom organizations APT, ATU, CITEL,
  RCC, CEPT, ETNO,
• etc

International Cooperation
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A.4 A.5 A.6
ASN.1 Consortium ARIB (Association of Radio Industries and Businesses) ARIB
ATM Forum ATM Forum Committee T1
DSL Forum Committee T1 CCSA
ETIS (e-and telecommunication info. services) CCSA ECMA
FRF (Frame Relay Forum) DSL Forum ETSI
IMTC (Multimedia) ECMA Standardizing Information Communication Systems IEEE
IPDR Organization ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) JCTEA
IPv6 Forum FRF NIST
MPLS (Multi Protocol Label Switching) Forum IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) SCTE
MSF (Multiservice Switching Forum) ISOC/IETF (Internet Society/Internet Engineering Task Force) TIA
OASIS JCTEA (Japan Cable Television Engineering Association) TTA
OIF (Optical Internetworking Forum) MPLS Forum TTC
OMG (Object Management Group) NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)
SDL Forum Society OASIS
TM Forum (Tele Management Forum) OIF
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) OMG
SCTE (Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers)
TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association)
TM Forum
TTA (Telecommunications Technology Association)
TTC (Telecommunication Technology Committee)
W3C
Members for Rec. A.4, A.5 and A.6 Forums/SDOs
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• WTSA-2004 5-14 October, Florianópolis, Brazil
• TSAG 12-16 July, Geneva, Switzerland
• Final meetings of ITU-T Study Groups
  January-June
• ITU Council-2004 9-18 June, Geneva,
  Switzerland
• Preparation of the 2nd Phase of WSIS

MAIN ACTIVITIES in 2004