NEW WORLD EXPERIMENTS: ENGLANDS SEVENTEENTHCENTURY COLONIES

1
NEW WORLD EXPERIMENTS ENGLANDS
SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY COLONIES

• America Past and Present
• Chapter 2

2
Breaking Away
Rapid Social Change Different Motives for
Migration
3
The Stuart Monarchs
4
Four Colonial Subcultures

• The Chesapeake
• New England
• Middle Colonies
• The Carolinas

5
The Chesapeake Dreams of Wealth

• Richard Hakluyt and other visionaries keep alive
  the dream of English colonies
• Anti-Catholicism

6
Entrepreneurs in Virginia

• Joint-stock companies
• Jamestown settled 1607
• Colonys location in a swamp unhealthy
• Competition from expansive Powhattans
• Colonists do not work for common good

7
The First Winter

• By the end of the winter of 1607-1608 only 38 of
  the original 144 were still alive

8
Spinning Out of Control
John Smith
9
The Starving Time

• 1609-1610
• Murder
• Robbery
• Cannibalism

10
Stinking Weed

• 1610--John Rolfe introduces tobacco
• 1618-- Headrights instituted to encourage
  development of tobacco plantations
• 1618--House of Burgesses instituted for Virginia
  self-government

11
Time of Reckoning

• Population increase prevented by imbalanced sex
  ratio
• Contagious disease kills settlers
• 1622--Powhattan attack kills 347 settlers

12
Corruption and Reform

• 1624--King James I dissolves London Company
• Virginia becomes a royal colony
• House of Burgesses continues to meet

13
Chesapeake Colonies, 1640
14
Virginia

• Knowing Ones Place
• The Hierarchical structure of life in the
  Virginian Colony

15
Virginian Marriage
16
Married Life

• High rates of prenuptial pregnancy (36 vs.
  0)Illegitimacy higher than in NE (2.6 vs. 1.2)

17
Married Life

• Confusion in the role of women
• She Britons
• Virginia Gazette in 1736 published the following
  poem The Ladys Complaint
• They plainly can their thoughts disclose
• Whilst ours must burn within
• We have got Tongues and Eyes in vain
• And Truth from us is sin
• Then Equal Laws let Custom Find
• And Neither Sex Oppress
• More Freedom give to Womankind
• Or give to Mankind Less.

18
Childhood

• Oldest son named after grandfather, second child
  after father.
• Encouraged to be strong minded while following
  areas of restraint.

19
Virginian Religion

• Anglican (Church of England)
• Ritual, liturgical

20
Clothing

• Social Stratification
• Colors
• Fabrics fur, delicacy
• Servants frequently wore blue or livery colors

21
Virginian Clothing
http//www.history.org/history/clothing/women/anat
omy.cfm http//www.history.org/History/teaching/Da
yseries/webactivities/dress/dress.htm
22
Virginian Sports

• Gambling
• Blood Sports
• Horse Races

http//gallery.euroweb.hu/art/r/rembran/painting/p
ortrai1/f_rihel.jpg
23
Virginian Work Ethic

• I scorn base getting and unworthy penurious
  saving, yet my desire is to lay up somewhat for
  my poor children Sir John Oglander
• killing the time
• Controlled by the seasonal demands of farm life
  as well as the Anglican calendar of Holy Days

24
Virginian Labor Issues

• Headright system was started by the Virginia
  Company to encourage immigration. Ultimately it
  was slavery that suited their cultural
  aspirations.
• Upper levels were not supposed to work at all
  except as an interest

25
Food

• More varied and heavily seasoned
• Oysters, fish, wild game. Preferred beef. (More
  English)
• Fresh vegetables year round
• More long term health problems

26
Tobacco Farming

• Steps
• Sowing
• Tending
• harvesting
• Importance
• Government controls

27
Maryland A Troubled Refuge for Catholics

• Initiated by Sir George Calvert (Lord Baltimore)
  as refuge for English Catholics

28
Reforming England in America

• Pilgrims
• Separatists who refused to worship in the Church
  of England, fled
• Escape persecution in Holland
• 1620--Plymouth founded
• Plymouth a society of small farming villages
  bound together by mutual consent
• 1691--absorbed into Massachusetts Bay

29
Mayflower Compact 1620
30
The Great Migration

• Puritans
• 1629--Puritans despair as King Charles I begins
  Personal Rule
• 1630--John Winthrop leads Puritan group to
  Massachusetts, brings Company Charter

31
A City on a Hill

• 1630-1640--16,000 immigrated
• Settlers usually came as family units
• Area generally healthy
• Puritans sacrifice self-interest for the good of
  the community

32
A City on a Hill (2)

• Puritans establish Congregationalism
• a state-supported ecclesiastical system in which
  each congregation is independently governed by
  local church members
• Puritan civil government permits voting by all
  adult male church members
• Elected officials not to concern themselves with
  voters wishes

33
A City on a Hill (3)

• Local, town governments autonomous
• Most participated in public life at town level
• Townships commercial properties, shares of which
  could be bought and sold
• Village life intensely communal
• Laws and Liberties passed in 1648 to protect
  rights, ensure civil order

34
Puritans
35
Religion

• Staunch Calvinists
• Depravity, covenant, election, grace and love
• Religion was their only reason for migration
• Worship
• Aging and Death
• Supernatural

36
Courting and Marriage

• Compatible, love important
• Bundling
• Late marriage age, but marriage the preferred
  state
• Legal contract

37
Puritan Family

• Nuclear family. Covented relationship
• Highest fertility rate in the colonies
• 9.7 children
• Family Structure
• Child centered
• Child naming and rearing
• Biblical
• Breaking the will

38
Daily Life

• Buildings.
• Food
• Clothing
• Sports
• Speech

39
Government

• Rank
• Order
• Power
• Freedom

40
Education and Work

• Literacy
• Apprenticeships children frequently sent to
  other households to learn a trade.
• Work Ethic

41
Reforming England in America

• Pilgrims
• 1620--Plymouth founded
• Plymouth a society of small farming villages
  bound together by mutual consent
• 1691--absorbed into Massachusetts Bay

42
Limits of Dissent Roger Williams

• An extreme Separatist
• Questioned the validity of the colonys charter
• Champions liberty of conscience
• Williams expelled to Rhode Island, 1636

43
Limits of DissentAnne Hutchinson

• Believed herself directly inspired by the Holy
  Spirit
• Banished to Rhode Island by General Court

44
Mobility and Division

• New Hampshire--insignificant until eighteenth
  century
• Rhode Island--received dissenters from
  Massachusetts
• Connecticut--founded by Thomas Hooker
• New Haven--absorbed into Connecticut

45
New England Colonies, 1650