XML Key Technology For The Economy

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XMLKey Technology For The Economy

• Dieter W. Storr
• July 2001

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy
s-business
SGML
DTD
HTML
W3C
XML
XHTML
B2B
XQL
WAP
EDI
XSL
WML
e-business
m-business
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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• Why Not EDI?
• Why Using The Web?
• SPEED, The Benefit of XML
• Type of e-Business
• Do we need e-Business?
• Differences Between HTML and XML

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• XML DTD, schema
• XLS Style Sheets
• XML Databases
• XML Application Integration
• XML Users
• Literature

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• Internet
• The fastest growing communications medium in
  history

gt 400 million users / 25 million in Germany gt 4
billion Web pages gt 28 billion online retail
revenues in U.S. in 2000
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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• The Internet is changing business much faster and
  more far-reaching ways than even the most
  optimistic technology pundits could have
  predicted.
• The potential for drastically cutting costs by
  conducting business via the Web is enormous.
• More and more companies plan to handle
  purchasing, distribution and logistics via the
  Internet.
• Analysts estimate a much higher growth potential
  for the Internet in the business-to-business
  sector than in the consumer market.
• Source The XML Shockwave, Berthold Daum, Chris
  Horak

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• XML is a standard developed by the Word Wide Web
  Consortium (W3C).
• XML has the power to become the most important
  Web standard.
• XML is rapidly evolving as the key enabler for
  the new online economy of e-business (electronic
  business), m-business (mobile business), or
  s-business (silent business between computers).
• XML is the most radical change in computing since
  the invention of relational databases and SQL.

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• Why not Electronic Data Interchange (EDI/EDIFACT)
  instead of Internet?
• EDI was used to electrify existing trade
  relationships.
• The Internet is an existing marketplace where new
  business contacts and new trade relationships can
  be established.
• EDI requires networks that are carefully planned
  and implemented in advance.
• The Internet develops in an unplanned way driven
  by the autonomous activities of millions of users.

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The global IP network
Open standards worldwide
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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• Why Internet and not Electronic Data Interchange
  (EDI/EDIFACT) instead?
• The traditional supply chain applications based
  on EDI are difficult and expensive to implement
  and to maintain.
• EDI works best with long-term relationships
  between client and supplier and with a small
  number of partners.
• EDI doesnt work at all with complex supply
  networks or open markets. Only 2 of US companies
  use EDI for supply chain management.

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Intelligent Information Integration Strategy
Exposes Processes and Content for Speedy Evolution
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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• SPEED The benefits of XML

S P E E D
toring ublishing and xchanging lectronic ocume
nts
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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• Buzzword STORAGE
• Todays DB technology is not capable of dealing
  with electronic business information such as
  documents, pix, sounds, retina images, digital
  signatures, etc.
• RDBMSs flatten the world of data into
  two-dimensional structures called tables.
• RDBMSs requires fragmenting the document. The
  internal structure is lost.
• When retrieving the document it must be
  restructured.

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• Buzzword STORAGE
• Fortunately, XML offers a way out.
• Some vendors are building native XML databases
  that allow you to store your electronic business
  information directly in a new kind of filing
  system.
• Enterprises can store, retrieve, manage, search,
  and distribute their electronic business
  information from a single source.
• Enterprises can build an XML staging area for
  their corporate DMBS infrastructure

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• Buzzword PUBLISHING
• Publishing really took off about 600 years ago
  when Gutenberg invented the hot metal letter
  printing. This innovation enabled a number of
  cultural revolutions in Europe, for example
  Renaissance, French Revolution.
• With XML some are seeing another revolution in
  publishing push button publishing
• XML documents can be automatically reformatted
  for various devices by using style sheets

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• Buzzword PUBLISHING
• The standard that is being developed underneath
  of the XML umbrella is called the eXtensible
  Stylesheet Language (XSL)
• Influence the look and feel of the information
• Control what information is being published
• XML will evolve the field of publishing from
  Gutenbergs reusable type to reusable
  documents

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• Buzzword ELECTRONIC
• Web publishers are bombarding the market daily
  with e-mail, e-zines, newspapers, and books that
  speak about
• e-Business
• e-Commerce
• e-Government
• e-Conomy
• Pundits and laymen alike want you to believe that
  if you dont move to E, you will have an
  e-Mergency
• e-Nough

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• Buzzword ELECTRONIC
• Electronic in the context of electronic business
  means the
• complete automation of a business transaction
  across organization boudaries.
• The most important aspect of electronic business
  is
• the ability for machines to speak to machines

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• Buzzword EXCHANGE
• Up to now, the average CEO and CIO have been
  thinking of their information technology (IT) as
  something that concerns their corporation on a
  internal level.
• Now, it is becoming just as important to
  integrate the supply chain of your company with
  the ordering systems of your supply chain
  partners.
• The expensive enterprise resource planning system
  (ERP) you installed is simply not geared up for
  this challenge.

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• Buzzword EXCHANGE
• And the fancy Web shops you can buy from the
  dime-a-dozen Silicon Valley DOT COMS wont get
  you there either. They are simply not
  sophisticated enough for the task of automated
  communication.
• Here are some examples of information exchange
• warehouse shelves talking to restocking systems
• factory assembly lines talking to parts
  manufacturers of databases
• power plants talking to emergency response
  systems

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• Buzzword DOCUMENTS
• What is the difference between the existing HTML
  documents and XML documents?
• The query stock quote yahooentered at
  lycos.com, resulted in approx. 150,000 hits.
• XML documents structure information entities into
  separate elements that are nicely labeled with
  tags. An XML query can be much mores
  specificstock_qoute companyyahoo

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• What type of electronic business?
• B2C Business-to-ConsumerIncludes online shops,
  and also includes sales channels to
  content-related sites, online banking and other
  financial services.
• ExampleA joint venture between IBM and
  Deutsche Post (German postal service) provides a
  complete e-commerce solution for small business.
• Or BPs virtual gas station bpexpress.de

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• What type of electronic business?
• B2B Business-to-BusinessIncludes all kind of
  transactions between commercial enterprises such
  as procurement, and supply and demand chains but
  also includes activities such as support,
  training, electronic newsletters, etc.

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy
US e-Commerce 1998-2003
Amount in billions US
Source Forester Research
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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• What type of electronic business?
• B2A Business-to-AdministrationIncludes
  transactions between businesses and government
  institutions or industry associations such as
  economic and environmental monitoring, tax,
  insurance, etc.

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• What type of electronic business?
• C2A Consumer-to-AdministrationIs still in an
  embryonic state but offers also big potential
  schools and libraries go online, car
  registration, tax declaration, and welfare
  payments become possible over the Internet, etc.
• Example State of Alaska introduced car
  registration over the Internet

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• Does my business need an electronic business?
• (Does my business need a telephone?)
• Klaus Schwab, president of the World Economic
  Forum
• I see two resolutions, which are interrelated
  the first is the e-revolution, the second is
  globalization. To survive, each business must
  answer the question How do I become global?

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy
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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• XML Basics
• ltAddressgt
• ltNamegt
• ltFirstNamegt Dieter lt/FirstNamegt
• ltLastNamegt Storr lt/LastNamegt
• lt/Namegt
• ltPhonegt
• ltbusinessgt 3105778042 lt/businessgt
• lthomegt 7142569594 lt/homegt
• lt/Phonegt
• lt/Addressgt

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• Record in a relational database
• Dieter,Storr,3105778042,7142569594
• Problem?
• What is first name, last name, home phone, etc.?

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• Example for incorrect data exchange
• On September 23, 1999, NASAs Mars Climate
  Orbiter vanished behind Mars. The Software module
  Small Forces in the ground control station used
  English units while the shuttle assumed metric
  units.

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• Document Type Definition (DTD)
• Describes the syntax of a document,
• for example the vocabulary and its structure
• DisadvantageContent enclosed in tags is treated
  just as plain text with no semantic constraints
  whatsoever

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• XML Schema (new W3C recommendation)
• Limited description of document semantics, for
  example ltheightgt must be a floating point number
  between 1.0 and 20.0.
• XML Schema will replace the current XML
  DTDMicrosofts BizTalk already uses XML Schema
  as a specification language

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• XML Schema (new W3C recommendation)
• Not yet possibleSemantic relationships between
  elements, for example the product
  widthheightdepth must be within defined limits.
• Another problemThe element ltvolumegt could be
  evoke numerous associations dimensions,
  decibels, and dictionaries

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• Standards for Document Type Definition (DTD)
• Tag sets, for example
• Health care institutesHealth level 7 (HL7)
• Newspaper Association of AmericaClassified
  advertisements
• UNICODE For international languages (Computer
  Esperanto)

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• Database Developments
• 1960/1970 DBMS
• Early 1980 RDBMS
• 1990s ODBMS
• 2000 (started 1998) XML DB

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy
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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy
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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy
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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• XML Databases
• XML database technology did not replace the
  existing transaction systems on the mainframe,
  but established a new, separate growth market for
  SQL databases.
• XML is having a major impact on the vendors of
  SQL databases, as more and more customers are
  demanding they comply with this much more open
  and easy to use XML standards.

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• XML Databases
• SQL vendors have to completely re-engineer their
  kernel or build a completely new system to store,
  retrieve and manage XML information natively and
  with high performance.
• XML and the Web by nature require a hierarchical
  view of information that is notoriously difficult
  to map into traditional database systems.

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• Mapped XML Databases
• Several vendors have announced or released
  XML-enabled versions of their relational or
  object-oriented DBMS products.
• All of these products feature a kernel
  architecture that is not optimized for XML
  queries and information retrieval.
• First benchmarks show that native XML databases
  perform about one order of a magnitude faster
  than mapped XML databases.

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• Native XML Databases
• Only one vendor delivers a completely new, native
  implementation of an XML database called Tamino.
• The product features two main components,
• one for the storage of Internet information, and
• the other for the access of remote enterprise
  data.

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• XML Application Integration
• Since the late 1990s, the application integration
  has been booming, for example packaged
  applications.
• It became clear that there were massive
  integration gaps between the old and the new
  application environments.
• These gaps needed to be filled with connectivity
  products, often referred as middleware or
  enterprise application integration products.

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• XML Application Integration
• Component standards like CORBA, COM, and EJB
  evolved in the labs of Microsoft, IBM, Sun and
  others improved the former problems that
  customers experienced with proprietary
  programming interfaces.
• These standards do not enable the description of
  content and structure of the information being
  exchanged between the applications.

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XML - The Key Technology For The Economy

• XML Application Integration
• Application integration vendors that do not
  support XML internally and at the interface level
  will quickly be left behind in this rapidly
  evolving market.

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Internet devices
Single-purpose devices