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Bellringer

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Title: Bellringer


1
Bellringer
2
Biodiversity
If you could get rid of one species of plant or
animal on Earth, what would it be? Why?
List reasons that your chosen species should be
saved instead of destroyed.
When should we dedicate money, time and resources
to protect a species?
When shouldnt we?
Who should make those decisions?
You will learn about these topics in this
biodiversity unit.
3
Biodiversity The number and variety of species
on Earth.
  • Individual ecosystems have different amounts of
    biodiversity
  • The relative biodiversity of individual
    ecosystems can be compared by doing two things

1. Counting how many different types of organisms
there are in each ecosystem
2. Counting how many of each individual type of
organism there is in each ecosystem.
4
Counting types
Vs.
5
Counting how many of each
Vs.
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8
Objectives
  • Describe the diversity of species types on Earth,
    relating the difference between known numbers and
    estimated numbers.
  • List and describe levels of biodiversity.
  • Explain four ways in which biodiversity is
    important to ecosystems and humans.
  • Analyze the potential value of a single species.

9
A World Rich in Biodiversity
  • Biodiversity, short for biological diversity, is
    the variety of organisms in a given area, the
    genetic variation within a population, the
    variety of species in a community, or the variety
    of communities in an ecosystem.
  • Certain areas of the planet, such as tropical
    rainforests, coral reefs, and estuaries, contain
    an extraordinary variety of species.

10
Unknown Diversity
  • The study of biodiversity starts with the
    unfinished task of cataloging all the species
    that exist on Earth.
  • The number of species known to science is about
    1.7 million. However, the actual number of
    species on Earth is unknown.
  • Scientists accept an estimate of greater than 10
    million for the total number of species.

11
Diversity among living things.
  • Top 7 List Species by numbers
  • 950,000
  • 270,000
  • Arachnids 75,000
  • Fungi 72,000
  • Mollusks 70,000
  • Crustaceans 48,000
  • 45,000

12
Diversity among living things.
  • Top 7 List Species by numbers
  • Insects 950,000
  • Plants 270,000
  • Arachnids 75,000
  • Fungi 72,000
  • Mollusks 70,000
  • Crustaceans 48,000
  • Vertebrates 45,000

13
Unknown Diversity
  • New species are considered known when they are
    collected and described scientifically. (Given a
    scientific name and anatomical features described
    and measured.
  • Unknown species exist in remote wilderness, deep
    oceans, and in microscopic levels.

New leopard in Borneo
14
Levels of Diversity
  • Biodiversity can be studied and described at
    different levels such as species diversity, and
    genetic diversity
  • Species diversity deals with all of the different
    types of organisms in an ecosystem (Belize vs.
    WI)
  • Genetic diversity deals with one type of organism
    in an ecosystem

15
Levels of Diversity
  • Genetic diversity refers to all the different
    genes contained within all members of a
    population.
  • A gene is a segment of DNA that is located in a
    chromosome and that codes for a specific
    hereditary trait.
  • A population is considered genetically diverse if
    there is a great deal of differences among the
    genes of the population.

16
Why is genetic diversity important?
  • The level of genetic diversity within populations
    is a critical factor in species survival.
  • Genetic variation increases the chances that some
    members of the population may survive
    environmental pressures or changes such as
    extreme weather conditions, disease, or the
    arrival of a new predator.
  • Small and isolated populations are less likely to
    survive such pressures because their genetic
    diversity is low.

17
Why is genetic diversity important?
  • When a population shrinks, its genetic diversity
    decreases as though it is passing through a
    bottleneck.
  • Even if such a population is able to increase
    again, there will be inbreeding within a smaller
    variety of genes.
  • The members of the population may then become
    more likely to inherit genetic diseases.

18
Species and Population Survival
Read Panther Article
19
Benefits of Biodiversity
  • Biodiversity can affect the stability of
    ecosystems.
  • We depend on healthy ecosystems to ensure a
    healthy biosphere that has balanced cycles of
    energy and nutrients.
  • Species are part of these cycles.

20
Species Are Connected to Ecosystems
  • When scientists study any species closely, they
    find that it plays an important role in an
    ecosystem.
  • Every species is probably either dependent on or
    depended upon by at least one other species in
    ways that are not always obvious.
  • When one species disappears from an ecosystem, a
    strand in a food web, carbon cycle or water cycle
    (etc.) is removed.
  • Car analogy

21
Species Are Connected to Ecosystems
  • Some species are clearly critical to the
    functioning of an ecosystem.
  • A keystone species is a species that is critical
    to the functioning of the ecosystem in which it
    lives because it affects the survival and
    abundance of many other species in its community.

22
Keystone species
  • An example is the sea otter. The loss of the sea
    otter populations led to an unchecked sea urchin
    population, which ate all the kelp leading to the
    loss of kelp beds along the U.S. Pacific Coast.

23
Keystone species
  • Removal of this sea star species caused a loss of
    2/3 of all other species in the experimental area.

24
Medical and Industrial Uses
  • About one quarter of the drugs prescribed in the
    United Sates are derived from plants, and almost
    all of the antibiotics are derived from chemicals
    found in fungi.
  • New chemicals and industrial materials may be
    developed from chemicals discovered in all kinds
    of species.
  • The scientific community continues to find new
    uses for biological material and genetic
    diversity.

25
Medical Uses
26
Agricultural Uses
  • Most of the crops produced around the world
    originated from a few areas of high biodiversity.
  • Most new crop varieties are hybrids, or crops
    developed by combing genetic material from other
    populations.
  • Some new crops are genetically modified, or
    developed by combining genes from different
    species.
  • History has shown that depending on too few
    plants for food is risky. Famines have resulted
    when an important crop was wiped out by disease.
    But some crops have been saved by crossbreeding
    them with wild plant relatives.

27
Agricultural Uses
28
Ethics, Aesthetics, and Recreation
  • Some people believe that we should preserve
    biodiversity for ethical reasons. They believe
    that species and ecosystems have a right to exist
    whether or not they have any other value.
  • People also value biodiversity for aesthetic or
    personal enjoyment such as keeping pets, camping,
    picking flowers, or watching wildlife.
  • Ecotourism is a form of tourism that supports the
    conservation and sustainable development of
    ecologically unique areas.

29
Ideas for your paper
  • Preserving biodiversity is important because the
    functioning of ecosystems depends on it. In this
    essay I will be discussing
  • A. The roles of different keystone species
  • B. Water cycle, Carbon cycle, Food webs
  • C. Keystone species, Global climate, Food webs
  • D. Any combination you like

30
Ideas for your paper
  • Preserving biodiversity is important because we
    have many uses for species found across Earth.
    In this essay I will be discussing
  • A. Foods, Medicines, Industrial Uses
  • B. General Medicine, Cancer medicine,
    Pharmaceutical research in remote areas
  • C. Food famines, hybridization, GM foods
  • D. Any combination you like

31
Ideas for your paper
  • Preserving biodiversity is important because of
    ethical, aesthetic, and recreational concerns.
    In this essay I will discuss
  • A. Rights of living things, Beauty of nature,
    Uses of wild areas

32
Ideas for your paper
  • Preserving biodiversity is important because
    of.
  • A. Functioning of ecosystems
  • B. Practical use of species
  • C. Ethical and aesthetic reasons

33
Personal Connections
  • Uses of specific medicines derived from wild
    organisms
  • How the food you eat is better due to
    biodiversity
  • How you use/experience natural areas, how would
    this change with less biodiversity
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