Agricultural Land Rating Systems - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Agricultural Land Rating Systems

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... with USDA soil survey. Soils grouped into land types based on soil & productive ... weigh value of additional time/money spent on development ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Agricultural Land Rating Systems


1
the landscape through a soil scientists eyes...
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2
Agricultural Land Rating Systems...
  • for the Non-Soil Scientist

Earl Yamamoto, State Department of
Agriculture February 5, 2000
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3
OVERVIEW
  • Presentation
  • Overview of major rating systems
  • Comparison of systems
  • What approach?

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OVERVIEW
  • Four major systems
  • Land Capability Classification,USDA
  • Overall Productivity Rating,Land Study Bureau,
    UH
  • Agricultural Lands of Importance to the State of
    Hawaii (ALISH), DOA/USDA/CTAHR
  • Land Evaluation Site Assessment (LESA) System,
    LESA Commission

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Land Capability ClassificationUSDA1972
  • Description
  • Statewide USDA UH soil surveys
  • Soil data used by all systems
  • Agricultural suitability as limited by soil
    climatic conditions
  • System favors mainland field crop mechanization
  • 8 Classes I-VIII, best to worse
  • Effective cutoffLCC Class IV
  • Productivity estimated only for limited crops
  • Sugar, pine, pasture, woodland
  • Soils mapped statewide

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Land Capability ClassificationUSDA1972
  • Acreage in Agricultural District
  • LCC I, II III statewide
  • 381,609 acres (estimate)
  • Percent LCC I, II III
  • 20.6 of ag district

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Overall Productivity Ratings,Detailed Land
ClassificationLSB, UH1965-1972
  • Description
  • Developed concurrent with USDA soil survey
  • Soils grouped into land types based on soil
    productive capabilities
  • Two sets of productivity ratings
  • Overall Productivity Rating-A, very good to
    E, not suitable
  • Crop Productivity ratings forPine, sugar,
    vegetables, forage, grazing, orchard, timber
  • Soil types drawn over aerial photos (variable
    scales)

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Overall Productivity Ratings,Detailed Land
ClassificationLSB, UH1965-1972
  • Acreage in Agricultural District
  • LSB A-C statewide
  • 447,250 acres (estimate)
  • Percent LSB A-C
  • 24 of ag district

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ALISHDOA/USDA, UH/CTAHR 1977-78
  • Description
  • Part of national effort (USDA) to inventory
    important farmlands
  • National criteria applied, adapted by USDA, CTAHR
    DOA
  • Adopted by State Board of Agriculture, 1977
  • Broad range of factors considered
  • Soils, climate, moisture supply, input use, etc.,
  • Production-related factors generalized

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ALISHDOA/USDA, UH/CTAHR 1977-78
  • Description
  • 3 classes ofimportant agricultural lands
  • Prime
  • Soils with best physical, chemical, climatic
    properties for mechanized field crops
  • Excludes built-up land/urban, water bodies
  • Unique
  • Land other than prime for unique high-value
    crops--coffee, taro, watercress, etc.
  • Other important agricultural lands
  • State or local important lands for production,
    not prime or unique needing irrigation or
    requiring commercial production management

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ALISHDOA/USDA, UH/CTAHR 1977-78
  • Acreage in Agricultural District
  • ALISH statewide
  • 846,363 acres (estimate)
  • Percent ALISH
  • 45.8 of ag district

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LESALESA Commission1983-86
  • Description
  • 1983 State Land Evaluation Site Assessment
    Commission(Act 273, Session Laws, 1983)
  • Standards criteria for identifying important
    agricultural lands
  • Inventory of important agricultural land
  • LESA system
  • Numeric scoring system
  • USDA system to determine impact of federal
    activity on farmland
  • Used to identify lands or evaluate individual
    sites

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LESALESA Commission1983-86
  • Description
  • Three components
  • Agricultural production goals
  • Land evaluation (LE)
  • Soils, topography, climate
  • Site assessment (SA)
  • Non-physical properties (location, land use)

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LESALESA Commission1983-86
  • Description
  • Ag production goalsfor crop acreage requirements
  • Amount of land required to attain ag production
    objectives
  • Estimates based on current expected levels of
    production, population per capita consumption
  • Typical crops profiled
  • Sugar, pine, mac nuts, coffee, local dairy,
    eggs/poultry
  • Crop acreage used to set cutoff score for LESA
    IAL lands

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LESALESA Commission1983-86
  • Description
  • Land Evaluation (LE)
  • Combines 5 soil ratings into single score for
    land capability
  • LCC
  • ALISH
  • LSB
  • Modified Storie Index
  • Soil Potential Index
  • LE score is weighted average

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  • Description
  • Site Assessment (SA)
  • Based on USDA LESA manual, selected locational,
    environmental, operational factors
  • 10 site factorscategories of factors
  • Farm productivity/profitability
  • Land use potential/conflicting uses
  • Conformance with government programs/policies
  • Soils rated for each criterion, weighted, summed
  • Final LESA rating(LE ratingSA score) divided
    by 2
  • Threshold score for LESA IAL based on projected
    acreage
  • Mapping GIS coverage limited

LESALESA Commission1983-86
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LESALESA Commission1983-86
  • Acreage in Agricultural District
  • LESA IAL statewide
  • 759,534 acres (estimate)
  • Percent LESA IAL
  • 41.1 of ag district

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Comparison of Systems
  • Common features
  • Soils-based with factors for topography, climate
  • Vary in consideration of other attributes like
    crop yield
  • Limitations to agricultural productivity
    considered in some form
  • Mostly physical and climatic limitations
  • All are available on State GIS in some form

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Comparison of Systems
  • Major differences
  • Soils-based systems exclude other factors related
    to ag profitability
  • Determination of ag land requirements
  • LESA system unique in its use of agricultural
    production goals
  • Other systems do not predetermine land
    requirements
  • Incorporation of land use policy considerations
  • LESA includes policy criteria
  • Land use policy dealt with in other systems only
    by the exclusion of urbanized, built-up,
    subdivided land

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Comparisonof Systems
  • Amount of land rated suitable for agriculture
  • LEAST
  • LCC 21 of ag district
  • LSB 24
  • LESA 41
  • ALISH 46
  • MOST

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  • Comparison of systems
  • LCC -- Lands better than Class IV

ALISH 8 Prime Other Important Ag
LCC
ALISH
  • LSB -- A-C lands

LESA 8 Lands above threshold IAL score
LESA
LSB
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Comparison of Systems
  • Evaluation criteria (based on CTAHR, 1990)
  • Ease of use
  • Low cost, clear explanations, factors
    well-defined
  • Objectivity
  • Measurable factors with quantifiable data
  • Consistency
  • Scores would be same across individuals, clear
    definitions, interpretations consistent, no
    incentive for score manipulation
  • Adaptability
  • Can be readily updated to reflect change
  • GIS-readiness

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Comparison of Systems
  • Ease of Use
  • Easiest
  • LCCStraightforward use of soils data
  • ALISH
  • LSBCrop indices inputs would need to be
    reassessed more cost to State
  • Difficult
  • LESAMost complex, scoring system is opaque,
    mapping problems most costly to define use

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Comparison of Systems
  • Objectivity
  • Most objective
  • LCC
  • LSBCriteria clear/quantifiable for both
  • Less objective
  • ALISHNo standardized way to define unique
  • Least
  • LESAFactors not clear, difficult to quantify
    map

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Comparison of Systems
  • Consistency
  • Most consistent
  • LCC
  • LSBProperties, criteria clear
  • Less so
  • ALISHBoth unique other introduce
    variability
  • Least
  • LESAVariability in interpreting, assigning
    values/weights to factors

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Comparison of Systems
  • Adaptability
  • Most adaptable
  • ALISH Criteria can be reapplied, accommodates
    unique crops
  • Less so
  • LCCCriteria constant, least sensitive to local
    crop potential
  • LSBDated, system indexed to sugar pine farm
    practices at time
  • Least
  • LESAComponents outdated indexed to sugar
    pine productivity goals rigid most difficult to
    update

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Comparison of Systems
  • GIS-readiness
  • Most GIS-ready
  • LCCUSDA NRCS maintains GIS soils data, source of
    State GIS data
  • ALISHOn State GIS, USDA soils data for update
    available
  • Less so
  • LSBOn State GIS, data old
  • Least GIS-ready
  • LESAData on State GIS of questionable value/need
    to redigitize problems encountered in mapping
    factors

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Closing Thoughts
  • Summary
  • 1. Each of the systems has limitations in
    application--none ideal

2. Ratings change with change in conditions or
opportunities Some examples...
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Closing Thoughts
  • Example of how one factor--irrigation--changes
    ratings

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Closing Thoughts
  • Example of how one factor--irrigation--changes
    ratings

... good ag lands WITH irrigation
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  • Two views of Lanai pineapple under different
    rating systems--LSB D vs. ALISH Unique

Closing Thoughts
C
Unique
D
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  • Two views of Hanalei Valley taro under different
    rating systems--LSB E vs. ALISH Unique

Closing Thoughts
ALISH unique
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Closing Thoughts
  • Summary
  • 1. Each of the systems has limitations in
    application--none ideal
  • 2. Ratings change with change in conditions or
    opportunities
  • 3. All need to be updated to reflect present
    conditions--some more than others
  • 4. In general, system is more robust if
  • Emphasis is on resource suitability
  • System criteria are well-defined

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Closing Thoughts
  • In considering a system...
  • Purpose of ratingsidentify resource,system
    will be soils-based
  • Factors of land use policy more appropriate for
    public decision making process,creates problems
    if built into rating system
  • Must weigh value of additional time/money spent
    on development maintenance of system

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Credits Department of Agriculture James
Nakatani, Director Earl Yamamoto State Office of
Planning, DBEDT David Blane, Director Ruby
Edwards Chris Chung Dennis Kim, State GIS Program
36
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