Engineering Standards, Design, and Plans

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Engineering Standards, Design, and Plans
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Pertinent NRCS Standards

• Pipeline (516)
• Tank/Trough (614)
• Heavy Use Area Protection (561)

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Practice Standard 516Pipeline

• Gravity system
• lt 15 psi pressure
• lt1500 ft. length
• 1 inch pipe diameter

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Practice Standard 516Pipeline

• Pressure system
• gt15 psi pressure
• 150 psi pipe strength for buried pipelines
• 100 psi pipe strength for above ground pipelines
• working pressures shall not exceed 70 of rated
  pressure for pipes
• year-around pipelines shall be buried a minimum
  of 6 feet

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Pipeline Recommendations

• Use 160 PSI minimum HDPE PIPE meeting PE 3408
  ASTM 2239.
• Use 1-inch diameter pipe minimum.
• Provide slack in laying pipe to allow for thermal
  expansion/contraction of pipe. (Approximately 3 )

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HUAP Definition

• Protecting heavily used areas by establishing
  vegetative cover, by surfacing, with suitable
  materials, or by installing needed structures.

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HUAP Purpose

• To stabilize urban, recreation, or facility areas
  frequently and intensely used by people, animals,
  or vehicles.

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Heavy Use Area Protection (HUAP)

• Stationary tanks
• Lanes
• This standard does not include Critical area
  Planting, Recreation Area Improvement, or Waste
  Management System.

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Pipeline Hydraulics

• Remember 1 psi 2.31 feet of head

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PRESSURE INCREASES BY ELEVATION, NOT VOLUME
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REPEAT, 2.31 FEET HEIGHT CREATES 1 PSI PRESSURE
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SMOOTH PIPE - Pipe has a wall roughness that
varies by material and age. Compare it to
sliding your feet across the sidewalk versus a
newly waxed vinyl floor. That is the material
difference. Now compare sliding across a newly
waxed vinyl floor and one the kids have spilled
on for years without cleaning. That is the age
difference. Minerals tend to build up.
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ROUGH PIPE - Even new pipe has pits and
irregularities. The coarser the material, the
more pits it will have, but even glass is not
perfectly smooth. Minerals build up faster on
copper, steel, or concrete than on plastic. The
rougher the pipe, the higher the friction. The
higher the friction, the lower the flow (less
pressure at a flow rate).
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Example
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Qdesign
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Flow rate (Qdesign)
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Pressure Tank Volume Check

• Let the Area Engineering Staff determine pressure
  tank adequacy
• Or professional well driller or/and plumber

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PRESSURE SYSTEMS
PUMP OFF
PUMP ON
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STATIC LINES
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EX. 20/40 PRESSURE SWITCH
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HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE (HGL) and HEAD LOSS (hL)
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Table Friction loss per 100 feet of 1 inch PE
pipe
GPM FEET PSI 3 0.7 0.29 4 1.2 0.50 5 1.8 0.
75 6 2.5 1.05
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Ex. L1200 ft 1 inch PE _at_ 5 GPM 20/40 psi
192.4
1200/100 x 1.8 21.6 ft
(170.8)
146.2
12 x 1.8 21.6 ft
(124.6)
100.0
1200 ft
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Maximum and Minimum Pressure
Pmax Elwell (PPUMPOFF 2.31) - Ellowpt
Pmin Elwell (PPUMPON 2.31) - (fL 2.31
Lhighpt/100) - Elhighpt
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Ex. Maximum Pressure 5 GPM 1 inch HDPE 20/40
PSI
192.4
146.2
120.0
100.0
110.0
Pmax Elwell (PPUMPOFF 2.31) - Ellowpt Pmax
100 (40 2.31) - 70 122.4 ft 53.0 psi
70.0
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Ex. Min. Pres. 5 GPM 1 inch HDPE 20/40 PSI,
high pt at 800 ft
Pmin Elwell (PPUMPON 2.31) - (fL 2.31
Lhighpt/100) - Elhighpt Pmin 100 (20 2.31) -
(0.75 2.31 800/100) - 105 27.3 ft 11.8 psi
192.4
146.2
105.0
100.0
110.0
70.0
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SUMMARY OF EQUATIONS
MAX STATIC LINE PPUMPOFF x 2.31 Elwell
(ft) MIN STATIC LINE PPUMPON x 2.31 Elwell
(ft) HL L/100 x chart value _at_ specific gpm
(feet) Pmax Elwell (PPUMPOFF 2.31) -
Ellowpt (ft) Pmin Elwell (PPUMPON 2.31) -
(fL 2.31 Lhighpt/100) - Elhighpt (ft)
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Pmax

• What is maximum pipe pressure in the line (Pmax)?
  
• In order to determine Pipe Strength (PS), you
  need to know the Pmax.

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Pmin

• What is the minimum pipe pressure in the line
  (Pmin)?
• Is it greater than 25 feet or 10 psi?
• If not, try increasing the pipe diameter or
  increase the pressure tank switch setting.

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Pipe Strength (PS)
NOTE For above ground installation, additional
safety may need to be added when HDPE is
installed. SEFSO is using 1.4.
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Getting Started

• Grazing plan (includes a watering plan)
• Job investigation
• Topographic map (if pressure system)
• Survey (if gravity system)

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Information

• Determine the watering needs (gal)
• Determine the design period (hr)
• Pressure switch settings (psi)
• Friction loss coefficient (psi/100 ft)
• Elevation at source (ft)

• Pipe length (ft)
• Low point on the pipeline (ft)
• High point on the pipeline (ft)
• Length of pipeline at the high point elevation on
  the pipeline (ft)

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Design Steps

• Calculate designed flow rate (gpm)
• Calculate maximum static line
• Calculate minimum static line
• Calculate head losses due to friction (ft)
• Calculate high pressure in the pipeline (ft)
• Calculate low pressure in the pipeline (ft)
• Calculate pipe strength (psi)

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Example Plan

• Plan layout
• Topographic map
• Profile of pipeline
• Cooperator Approval statement
• Gopher State One statement
• Design notes
• 48 hour NRCS notice

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Example Problems

• Joe Farmer, Nowhere County
• Mary Grazer, Anywhere County

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Joe FarmerJob Investigation Sheet
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Joe Farmer Example
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Joe Farmer Solution
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Mary GrazerJob Investigation Sheet
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Mary Grazer Example
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Mary Grazer Solution
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Excel Spreadsheet
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A special thank you to Terry Carlson (ND) and Jim
Dusek (MN) for their help and notes on the
presentation.