Fasciola hepatica

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Fasciola hepatica

• Jeremy Leibfried
• Tyler Gronli

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Introduction

• Phylum Platyhelminthes
• Flat worm
• Liver fluke
• Effects sheep, cattle, and sometimes humans

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Interesting Facts

• Eggs found in mummies
• 1st fluke or trematode to be reported
• 1379 Reported in Publication (Le Bon Berger)
• 1st discovered in sheep

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F. hepatica

• Definitive host
• Sheep
• Cattle
• Humans (Accidental)
• Other Mammals
• Intermediate host
• Fresh Water Snail
• Geographic Range
• Cosmopolitan anywhere sheep and cattle are raised

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Morphology

• Adult fluke
• Flat leaf like body
• 20-30mm long
• 8-15mm wide

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Site of Infection

• Ingestion Metacercariae
• Ex-cyst in Duodenum
• Burrows through Intestinal Wall
• Enters Peritoneal Cavity
• Migrates to Liver

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Miracidia
Egg
Cercariae
Metacercariae
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Symptoms

• Abdominal Pain
• Anemia
• Hepatic Tenderness
• Hepatomegaly resulting from Edema
• Intermittent Fever
• Jaundice
• Lethargy
• Nausea
• Prolonged High Fever
• Secondary Infections
• Vomitting

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Symptoms

• Acute
• More common in sheep
• 10,000 Metacercariea consumed at one time
• Dramatic Liver Inflamation, Frequently Resulting
  in Death
• Chronic
• More Common and Rarely Fatal
• Nonspecific Symptoms
• Halzoun
• Eating raw, infected liver
• Infects pharynx
• Causes swelling and obstructs breathing

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Diagnosis

• Stool Samples
• Yellow-Brown Eggs
• Eggs Dont Show for 4 Months
• Duodenal or Biliary Aspirate
• Antibody Test
• Can detect 2 Weeks After Infection
• Ultrasound
• Visualize Adults in Bile Duct
• CT Scan
• Reveals Burrows in Liver

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Treatment

• Bithional
• Highly Effective
• Large Dose
• High Cost
• Long Treatment Period
• Triclabendazole
• Easier to Use
• 1-2 Oral Doses in 24 hrs
• Virtually 100 Effective
• Surgery

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Control Methods

• Eduaction
• Cheapest and Most Cost Effective Way
• Wash Aquatic Vegetables in 6 Vinegar for 5-10
  minutes
• Better herding practices
• Keep herds away from aquatic areas
• Moluskicide
• Controls Intermediate Snail Host

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