Trends in ccTLD

1
Trends in ccTLDs and models of operation

• ICANN/ITU meeting, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
• July 24, 2004

2
Points to discuss?

• Who is CENTR
• Domain Market information and what are ccTLDs
• Streamlined domain management.
• All issues are local User needs and compliance
  with National laws, (Privacy rights, data
  protection, consumer rights etc)

3
What is CENTR?

• Council of European National Top Level Domain
  Registries
• Forum for TLD managers
• Primarily ccTLDs (but gTLDs ) 46 Registry members
• Mainly European (but members from 5 continents)
• European Commission, invited Governments, RIPE
  and ICANN observers.

4
CENTRs Membership

• AFGNIC Afghanistan (.af)
• STA Andorra (.ad)
• ISOC.AM Armenia (.am)
• NIC.AC Ascension Is. (.ac), Diego Garcia (.io),
  St Helena (.sh)
• NIC.AT Austria (.at)
• DNS Belgium Belgium (.be)
• Digital Systems Bulgaria (.bg)
• CIRA Canada (.ca)
• CARNet Croatia (.hr)
• UCY-DNS Cyprus (.cy)
• CZ.NIC Czech Republic (.cz)
• DENIC Germany (.de)
• FICORA Finland (.?)
• AFNIC France (.fr), Mayotte (.yt), Reunion (.re),
  St. Pierre Miquelon (.pm), Wallis Futuna Is.
  (.wf )
• GibNet Gibraltar (.gi)
• GR-Hostmaster Greece (.gr)
• Island Networks Guernsey (.gg), Jersey (.je)
• CHIP Hungary (.hu)
• IEDR Ireland (.ie)

• LITNET NOC Lithuania (.lt)
• RESTENA DNS-LU Luxembourg (.lu)
• NIC Malta Malta (.mt)
• NIC-Mexico Mexico (.mx)
• MoldData Moldova (.md)
• SIDN Netherlands (.nl)
• ISOCNZ New Zealand (.nz)
• NORID Norway (.no), Bouvet Is. (.bv), Svalbard
  Jan Mayen Is. (.sj)
• Palestinian Registry Palestine (.ps)
• NASK Poland (.pl)
• FCCNPortugal (.pt)
• RNC Romania (.ro)
• Ros-NIIROS Russia (.ru)
• RED.ES Spain (.es)
• ARNES Slovenia (.si)
• IIS Sweden (.se)
• SWITCH Switzerland (.ch), Lichtenstein (.li)
• SITA (.aero)
• Nominet UK United Kingdom (.uk)

5
Benefits of diverse participation

• CENTR values participation from many different
  registries
• Western and Eastern Europe, Americas, Asia,
  Oceania
• Different regulatory regimes, Internet community
  expectations, use of domain names etc.
• Different challenges is ensuring stable
  DNS/Internet
• Provides diverse viewpoints
• Brings different perspectives to discussion of
  issues
• Helps CENTR define policies that benefit everyone
• Comes to agreed opinions based on this dialogue
  within CENTR, so there is a unified opinion to
  the global arena

6
Internet users and Domain Names
7
All Users have choice

• gTLDs (outside jurisdiction) compete with ccTLDs
  (inside jurisdiction)
• Regulation of ccTLDs in addition to normal
  business practice reduces attractiveness of
  ccTLDs so users buy domains elsewhere.
• Global market, global pressure satisfying local
  culture, local needs, local environment
  stimulate success.

8
Domain Name market
ccTLDs make up 39 of the market
Source Verisign
9
ccTLD Registry Models

• Historically Internet was used and developed by
  academic community
• Many ccTLD registries were operated by academic
  institutions or government research department.
• Many academic institutions or Government research
  department do not want the liability/responsibilit
  y of running a registry create separate body to
  operate Registry
• Other cases internet communities invite private
  companies to operate on a cost recovery basis.
• Some Government research departments have handed
  over function to the regulator and the regulator
  has handed responsibility to private sector cost
  recovery companies.
• Some were delegated directly to Private Sector
  companies.

10
Management Models
11
Streamlining Domain Management
12
gTLDs in competition with ccTLDs

• Chile 0.09
• Poland 0.20
• Germany 0.33
• Malaysia 0.76
• Turkey 2.89
• Spain 7.07
• India 39.49
• France went from 5.30 to 3.83 in one month.

Source nic.IR
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Policy decisions are local

• Users which includes Government, determine
  policy of Domain Registration.
• Technical issues handled by technical community
• Policy issues dealt with by users having regard
  for the legal framework of the country where the
  Registry is located.
• Internationalised Domain Names are a local issues
  policies need to be in local script and local
  dispute resolution important.

14
Controlling ccTLD Registry does not give power
over Internet

• Industry and Government working together to
  satisfy user demand will bring success to the
  Internet community
• Internet is not like telephony it has
  intelligence at the edges - it has been made by
  design to avoid central points of failure
  packets (like users) circumvent areas of
  restriction.
• Public / Private partnership with all control
  divested to the local community makes for a solid
  foundation.

15
Government / Industry Models

• Dialogue and responsibility
• Some governments specifically exclude Internet
  Naming and Addressing issues from
  Telecommunications Regulations placing a duty
  on Industry to act appropriately.
• Government still controls the general framework
  for conducting business and providing
  (non-discriminatory) services.
• Market failure unlikely as industry and users
  have most to loose. Policy Boards and Registry
  fast to respond.
• Some Governments manage Internet Naming and
  Addressing Policy.
• Industry will be unable to rescue in a timely
  manner, as management is controlled by policy and
  process.

16
Summary

• Industry can help Government, we say to
  Governments
• Internet Management is a problem you dont want
• you dont need
• weve solved it
• tell us if there are issues.
• Dialogue is good and we are all here to assist.
• Together we will satisfy local demand, promote
  local diversity, recognise different cultures,
  languages and frameworks.

17
Future Meetings

• General Assemblies 2004
• Yerevan AM (Sept), Zürich CH (Dec)
• Technical, Administrative, Legal workshops
  throughout the year.

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CENTR newsletterwww.centr.org/domainwire/

• Thank you
• Paul M Kane
• CENTR Chairman
• Paul.Kane_at_CENTR.org