COLIC

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COLIC

• Lucas Pantaleon, MV MS Dipl. ACVIM
• Board Certified Specialist in Large Animal
  Internal Medicine
• Ledgewood Equine Veterinary Clinic

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GASTROINTESTINALANATOMY
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Whats colic?

• Abdominal pain originating from gastrointestinal
  and non-gastrointestinal problems.

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CAUSES OF COLIC
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Non-gastrointestinal Gastrointestinal
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Non-Gastrointestinal

• Musculoskeletal
• Laminitis, tying-up, HYPP
• Neurological
• Rabies, Botulism
• Respiratory
• Pleuritis, Pleuropneumonia
• Abdominal
• Liver, Urinary, Reproductive

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Gastrointestinal

• Tympany (bloat)
• Spasmodic
• Simple obstruction (functional/mechanical)
• Strangulation obstruction
• Inflammatory
• Ulceration

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Tympany (Bloat)

• Gas accumulation
• Stomach
• Cribbing
• Large intestine (cecum or large colon)
• Grain overload

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Spasmodic (Cramp)

• Intense contractions
• Secondary to impaction

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Simple obstruction

• Functional
• Ileus or decreased motility
• Inflammation
• Mechanical
• Impaction
• Feed
• Worms (ascarids)
• Foreign body (enteroliths, sand)
• Colonic displacement

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Strangulation obstruction

• Intestinal torsion
• Colon volvulus
• Herniation of bowel
• Mesenteric rent
• Strangulating lipoma

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Simple vs Strangulating

• Blood flow
• Pain
• Distention with gas, fluid, and ingesta
• Tension on bowel wall and mesentery

• No blood flow
• Pain
• Distention with gas, fluid and ingesta
• Tension on bowel wall and mesentery
• Dead gut

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Inflammatory

• Small intestine
• Anterior enteritis
• Large intestine
• Colitis Diarrhea
• Infectious (Salmonella spp., Clostridium spp.)
• Parasites
• Drugs (Banamine, antibiotics)

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Gastric Ulceration
Ulcer healing
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Signs of Colic(Owners observations)

• Pain
• Rolling/laying down
• Looking at abdomen
• Kicking abdomen
• Sweating
• Circling stall
• Pawing
• Stretching out
• Duration of pain
• Appearance bright/dull and depressed

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Signs of Colic(Owners observations)

• Mucous membranes
• Dry/Moist
• Color pink/red/purple
• Heart Rate
• Normal 32 - 40 beats per minute
• High heart rate SEVERITY
• Respiration
• Normal 12 20 breaths per minute
• Increase pain

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Signs of Colic(Owners observations)

• Rectal temperature
• Normal 99F - 101F
• Fecal Output
• Normal frequency/decreased frequency
• Consistency dry/normal/diarrhea
• Abdominal distension/Bloat
• Digital Pulse/hoof temperature

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Diagnostics(Veterinarian)

• History
• Physical examination
• Diagnostic aids

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Diagnostics(Veterinarian)

• Physical examination and rectal examination
• Fecal analysis
• Nasogastric intubation
• Abdominal ultrasound and radiographs
• Abdominocentesis
• Blood work
• Gastroscopy

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Medical or Surgical?

• Vital signs
• Rectal examination
• Response or not to analgesics
• Peritoneal fluid analysis
• Manifestations of pain

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Treatment

• Medical
• Analgesic sedatives
• Fluid therapy
• Laxatives
• Withhold feed
• Anti-ulcer medication

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Treatment

• Surgical
• Analgesic sedatives
• Intravenous fluid therapy
• Antibiotics
• Post-operative care
• clinic and at home

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Banamine

• Analgesic and anti-inflammatory
• Not a very potent analgesic
• Long duration of action

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Banamine

• Adverse effects
• Intestinal mucosa
• Kidneys
• Frequency and dosage
• Used under veterinary direction

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Questions ???