Three Integrative Themes

1
Three Integrative Themes

• Strategic themes are about how to think about the
  subject - Integrative themes are about issues
  releating humans and their interactions with
  ecosystems
• Ecosystem Capital
• Policy and Politics
• Globalization

2
Ecosystem Services and Human Well-being
3
Ecosystem Capital

• Capital - a stock of accumulated goods
  especially at a specified time and in contrast to
  income received during a specified period
• Water, food, fuel, wood, paper, leather, oils,
  alcohols,
• Agriculture, forestry, fishing supply 50 of jobs
  in world
• Human well being and economic growth depend on
  ecosystems

4
Policy and Politics

• Human decisions that determine what happens to
  the natural world and the political processes
  that lead to those decisions.
• Purpose of public policy is to promote the common
  good.

5
Policy and Politics

• Two goals
• Improvement of human welfare
• Protection of the natural world
• Two issues addressed
• Prevention of air, water, and land pollution
• Use of natural resources forests, fisheries, oil
  land, etc..

6
Globalization

• The accelerating interconnectedness of human
  activities, ideas, and cultures.
• Health improvements
• Global markets
• Improved crop yields
• Dilution or destruction of cultural and religious
  ideals.

7
Globalization

• Environmentally friendly consumer goods
• Economic reorganization of the world
• Worldwide spread of emerging diseases
• Dispersion of exotic species
• Trade in hazardous wastes
• Spread of persistent organic pollutants

8
The Environment in the 21st Century

• The big issues
• Corporate accountability
• Globalization and WTO
• Trade and subsidies
• Climate and energy
• Development priorities and aid

9
The Environment in the 21st Century

• If we do not change direction, we will end up
  where we are heading.

10
Durands Bottom Line

• We have indicators that Earths ecosystems are
  under stress, many would even say collapse
• Major indicatorsPopulation growth, ecosystem
  decline, global atmospheric change, loss of
  biodiversity
• Easter Island is an object lesson in how humans
  can sabotage themselves by over-exploiting their
  resources (also in how social pressures can
  influence this)

11
Durands Bottom Line

• Themes
• Sustainability
• Stewardship
• Science
• Integration - understanding the modern world
  influences environmental decision making
• Ecosystem goods and services as capital
• Policy and politics
• Globalization