THE BIG BANG THEORY

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THE BIG BANG THEORY
1. The universe probably began billions of years
ago with a big explosion.
2. The explosion of the big bang sent all matter
moving apart. Within fractions of a second, the
universe grew from the size of a pin to 2000
times the size of the sun.
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3.By the time the universe was one second old, it
was a dense swirling mass of elementary particles.
4. As matter cooled, hydrogen and helium gas
formed.
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5. Matter began collecting in clumps and
eventually formed into galaxies. Over one
billion years after the initial explosion, the
first stars were born.
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What is the main piece of evidence that supports
the big bang theory?

• Most of the stars and galaxies seen from Earth
  are showing a red shift in the spectrum of light
  being given off.

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What will happen to the universe in the future?

• Open Universe Theory

The universe will keep expanding forever.

• Closed Universe or Big Crunch
• Theory

Gravity will pull the universe back together
again into one object and start the process over
again.
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ORDER IN THE UNIVERSE
SOLAR SYSTEM
SUPERCLUSTER (Local)
GROUP (Local Group)
GALAXY (Milky Way Galaxy)
CLUSTER (Local Cluster)
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Solar System
One or two stars with or without planets.
Galaxy
Numerous solar systems held together by gravity.
Group
Multiple galaxies held together by gravity.
Cluster
Multiple groups held together by gravity.
Supercluster
Multiple clusters held together by gravity.
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Six galaxies held together by gravity would be
called a ______.
group
Seyferts Sextet
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THREE TYPES OF GALAXIES

• Spiral

- Shaped like a pinwheel

• Elliptical

- Round shaped

• Irregular

- No definite shape
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0313-192 The Wrong Galaxy
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ESO510-13
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ESO 510-13
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Galaxy ESO 510-13
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Galaxy Group HCG87
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M13
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M33
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M33 Spiral Galaxy in Triangulum
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M51
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M74
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M81
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Pinwheel Galaxy M83
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M87
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Starburst Galaxy M94
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M100
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M101 Pinwheel Galaxy
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Sombrero Galaxy (M104)
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M106 in Canes Venatici
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NGC253
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NGC891
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NGC1232
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NGC 1275
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NGC1316
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NGC1365
Barred Spiral Galaxy
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Seyfert Galaxy (NGC 1566) 50 million light years
from Earth.
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Ghost Galaxy NGC2115
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NGC 2997
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NGC 2997
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NGC3370
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Galaxies NGC 4038 and NGC 4039 Colliding with
each other.

• 63 million light years from Earth.

-Distance between the centers of galaxies is
30,000 light years.

• The distance from end to the other of NGC 4038
  is 350,000 light years.

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NGC 4214
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NGC4314
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NGC4388
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NGC4676
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NGC4945
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NGC 4945
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NGC 6782
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Galaxy NGC 6822 in Local Group
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NGC6872
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Galaxy NGC7742
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Galaxy Centurus A
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The center of the Virgo Cluster (This cluster
contains more than 2,000 galaxies and is
approximately 50 million light years from Earth.)
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Cigar Galaxy
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Andromeda
Closest galaxy to the Milky Way
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Hoags Object Ring Galaxy
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Constellation
- An imaginary pattern of stars in the sky.
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Milky Way
(Our galaxy)