? Individual Differences in Growth and Development of Children

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? Individual Differences in Growth and
Development of Children
The influence of metabolism , hormones, the
properties of bone, dietary life, nutrition,
living and social environment make differences
in growth and development of children.
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Standard Pattern of Height Growth
girl
Adolescent Growth Spurt
Growth Spurt
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? Factors influencing Height Growth
1. Parents Height Height at 6 years of age,
average of parents height, Bone Age, and
entering the puberty period influence
childrens height growth. 2. Late Adolescence
Makes Height Increase See next figure.
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Late Adolescence Makes Height Increase
Height(cm)
boy
average
Early Adolescence
Growth Height Spurt
Late Adolescence Growth Height Spurt
Age(year)
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? SD Score
Standard Deviation(SD)shows how distribute the
examples from the mean. Measured height data on
many of the same age children have a normal
distribution. See next figure. ? SD Score
Method for the Evaluation of Height About 2.3
of the total number of children with height data
of under -2SD are considered to have growth
disorders, such as growth hormone deficiency.
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Normal Distribution of Height
68.3 of all the people whose height is between
-1SD and 1SD
95.4 of all the people whose height is between
-2SD and 2SD
2.3 of all the people whose height is less than
-2SD
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? SD Score Equation
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? Cross-Sectional Standard Growth Chart
Evaluation of height growth on the same sex
and age children. A child who has stopped
growing or is growing more slowly than expected
will often need an evaluation of height growth .

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Cross-Sectional Standard Growth Chart
Height(cm)
boy
average
Height
Weight(Kg)
average
Weight
Age(year)
Data in 2000
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?Importance of Early Detection for Growth
Disorders
1. Poor growth may be the first sign of a
problem in some diseases. 2. Early diagnosis
and treatment of some conditions may help
children achieve a more typical adult height. 3.
Child neglect or abuse may also be associated
with failure to grow.
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Case of Growth Hormone Deficiency(one girl)
Height(cm)
average
AGE(year)
Growth in Height shows down at point A
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? Growth hormone deficiency
is a disorder that involves the pituitary
gland (the small gland at the base of the brain
that secretes several hormones, including growth
hormone). A damaged or malfunctioning
pituitary gland may not produce enough hormones
for normal growth.
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? Rohrer Index
weight (kg)/( height (cm)3)x107 ? Rohrer
index weight (kg)/( height (m)3)x10 Rohrer
index Useful to calculate the obesity level of
children
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? Rohrer Index
Severely Underweight under 100 Underweight 101?
115 Normal Weight 116?144 Overweight 145?159 Ob
ese over 160
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? Rohrer Index
ex. height 135cm, weight 30kg Rohrer index
301.35310 30/2.4610 122(Normal Weight)