Risk and protective factors

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Risk and protective factors

• Research-based predictors of problem behaviors
  and positive youth outcomesrisk and protective
  factors

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Risk and protective factors

• Risk and protective factors exist in all areas
  of childrens lives.
• The more risk factors present, the greater the
  chances of problem behavior.
• Risk and protective factors can be present
  throughout development.
• Risk factors are buffered by protective factors.

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Risk Factors

• Risk factors are predictive of higher levels
• adolescent substance abuse,
• delinquency,
• teen pregnancy,
• school drop-out
• violence

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Risk Factors

• Research-based
• Predictive in multiple longitudinal studies
• Present in all areas of influence
• Predictive of multiple problem behaviors
• Present throughout development
• Work similarly across racial lines
• Measurable
• Buffered by protective factors

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Risk Factors

• Research has identified risk factors in four
  domains
• Peer and Individual
• Family
• School
• Community

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Early and persistent antisocial behavior
Rebelliousness
Friends who engage in the problem behavior
Gang involvement
Favorable attitudes toward the problem behavior
Early initiation of the problem behavior
Constitutional factors
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Training of Coordinators
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Risk factors family

• Family Contributions
• insecure parent-child attachments
• family instability and stress
• parental criminality
• parental psychopathology

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Family history of the problem behavior
Family management problems
Family conflict
Favorable parental attitudes and involvement in
the problem behavior
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Risk factors community

• Societal Influences
• more common in neighborhoods with criminal
  subcultures, frequent transitions, low social
  support among neighbors
• established correlation between media violence
  and antisocial behavior
• Cultural Factors
• associated with minority status, but this is
  likely due to low SES

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• Availability of drugs

• Availability of firearms

• Community laws and norms favorable toward drug
  use, firearms and crime

• Media portrayals of violence

• Transitions and mobility

• Low neighborhood attachment and community
  disorganization

• Extreme economic deprivation

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Academic failure beginning in late elementary
school
Lack of commitment to school
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Protective factors

• Protective factorsbuffer young peoples exposure
  to risk.
• Research has identified protective factors in
  four domains
• Family
• School
• Peer and Individual
• Community

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Protective factors

• Individual factors
• High intelligence
• Resilient temperament
• Prosocial orientation
• Competencies and skills
• Prosocial opportunities
• Reinforcement for prosocial involvement
• Bonding
• Healthy beliefs and clear standards

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Protective factors

• Research-based
• Present in all areas of influence
• Measurable
• Predictive of positive youth development
• Present throughout development
• Buffer effects of risk exposure

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Treatment

• Generally, few effective interventions
• Interventions with some empirical support
• Parent-Management Training (PMT)
• Cognitive problem solving skills training (PSST)
• Multisystemic treatment (MST)
• Mixed findings regarding the effectiveness of
  medications- may be useful to reduce overt
  behaviors, must be used in combination with other
  interventions