Detector R

1
Detector RD for ILC

• Y. Sugimoto
• Mar.1. 2005

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Outline

• Detector for ILC
• Boundary Conditions
• Performance Goals
• Detector Concepts
• Milestones
• RD of Sub-detectors
• Global activities
• Activities in Japan
• Vertex Detector
• TPC
• Calorimeter
• Others

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Detector for ILC
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Boundary Conditions

• Energy and Liminosity
• 1st phase ECM500 GeV, L 3x1034
• Two Interaction Points
• One with small crossing angle (02 mrad)
• The other with large crossing angle (20 mrad)
  compatible with g-g collider (e e- at the 1st
  phase)
• Cold Machine
• 2820 BX/train, 5 trains/sec
• 337 ns bunch spacing ? Separation is easy
• Background
• Low E e/e- (pair background)
• Neutron, X-ray, g
• Two-photon background

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Beam Structure
ILC
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Performance Goal

• Vertex Detector
• Impact param. res. sb 5 ? 10/(pbsin3/2q) mm
• Charm and t ID is important ct 100 mm gtgt sb
• Tracker
• dpt/pt2 5x10-5 /GeV
• Calorimeter
• Jet energy resolution sE/E 30/E1/2
• Hermeticity
• Forward coverage down to 5 mrad

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Performance Goal

• Jet Energy Resolution
• sE/E 30/E1/2 is necessary to separate W and Z
• Charged (60) by central tracker
• Gammas (30) by EM CAL
• Neutral hadrons (10) by H CAL
• Isolate and identify each shower cluster in CAL ?
  Particle (Energy) Flow Algorithm (PFA)
• Confusion between charged tracks and g/nh cluster
  in the CAL gives the largest contribution to sE/E
  
• Segmentation rather than single-particle
  resolution is important for CAL

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Detector Concepts

• Three detector models are proposed
• SiD Silicon Detector Si tracker and Si/W ECAL
• LDC Large Detector Concept TPC and Si/W ECAL
• GLD Global Large Detector TPC and Scinti-base
  ECAL
• All three models aim for optimization for PFA
  ?Large BR2/Rm (Rm Effective Moliere Length)
• BR2 SiD
• BR2 LDC
• BR2 GLD

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Detector Concepts
SiD
LDC
GLD
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Comparison of parameters
SiD LDC GLD 1
Solenoid B(T) 5 4 3
Solenoid Rin(m) 2.48 3.0 3.75
Solenoid L(m) 5.8 9.2 9.86
Solenoid Est(GJ) 1.4 2.3 1.8
Main Tracker Rmin (m) 0.2 0.36 0.4
Main Tracker Rmax(m) 1.25 1.62 2.0
Main Tracker BL2.5 5.7 7.1 9.7
Main Tracker s(mm) 7 150 150
Main Tracker Nsample 5 200 220
Main Tracker dpt/pt2 3.6e-5 1.5e-4 2 1.2 e-4 2
1 All parameters are tentative. 2 Using TPC
only. Factor x2 improvement with VTX
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Comparison of parameters
SiD LDC GLD
ECAL Rin (m) 1.27 1.68 2.1
ECAL BRin2 8.1 11.3 13.2
ECAL Type W/Si W/Si (W/Sci)
ECAL Rmeff (mm) 18 24.4 (16.2)
ECAL BRin2/Rmeff 448 462 817
ECAL Z (m) 1.72 2.83 2.8
ECAL BZ2/Rmeff 822 1311 1452
ECAL X0 21 24 27
EH CAL l 5.5 5.2 6.0
EH CAL t (m) 1.18 1.3 1.4
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Milestones of ILC
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
(Construction)
GDI (Design)
Technology Choice
Acc.
CDR
TDR
Start Global Lab.
Detector Outline Documents
CDRs
LOIs
Det.
Done!
WWS
Detector RD Panel
Collaboration Forming
RD Phase
Construction
Tevatron
SLAC B
HERA
LHC
T2K
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RD of Sub-Detectors
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Global Collaboration

• There are several global collaboration of RD
  activities for detector components Horizontal
  Collaboration
• TPC
• CALICE
• SiLC
• etc.
• These collaborations are somewhat independent of
  (orthogonal to) detector concept study groups
• Concept study (V) x Component RD (H) makes a
  Matrix

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RD Activities in Japan

• Activities in Japan are basically aiming for
  application for large gaseous detector (GLD)
• Simulation study for GLD is urgent
• RD for three major sub-detectors (VTX, TPC, CAL)
  a on going
• TPC group is a part of the horizontal collab.

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Sub-detectors of GLD

• ECAL
• HCAL
• Main tracker
• Solenoid magnet
• Si inner tracker
• Vertex detector
• Si pair monitor

• Muon system
• Si outer tracker
• Si endcap tracker
• Si forward disks
• Forward calorimeter
• Beam calorimeter
• PID
• DAQ system

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RD for Vertex Detector

• Collaboration
• KEK
• Tohoku
• Tohoku Gakuin
• Niigata
• Toyama Collage of Maritime Tech.

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RD for Vertex Detector

• If one train of 2820 bunches are accumulated, too
  many hits by beam b.g. ? for 25 mm pixels, the
  pixel occupancy gt 20
  
• Solutions
• Fast readout Column Parallel CCD _at_50MHz, 20
  frames/train
• No time to wait for diffusion in epi-layer after
  particle incident ? Fully depleted CCD ? Poor
  resolution
• Still smaller pixel size is necessary to recover
  the resolution
• Possible effect by RF noise by beam
• Analog registers in each pixel (20/pixel), and
  readout between trains
• CMOS Flexible Active Pixel Sensor (FAPS)
• CCD In-situ Storage Image Sensor (ISIS)
• Fine and complicated structure ? Large area OK?
• Make pixel density x20?Fine Pixel CCD (FPCCD)

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RD for Vertex Detector

• FPCCD
• Pixel size 5mm
• Fully depleted to suppress the increase of number
  of hit pixels by diffusion
• Accumulate hits in one train and readout between
  trains
• No effect by beam-induced RF noise
• Readout speed 15MHz is OK (128(V)x20000(H)/200ms
  12.8MHz)
• Simpler structure than FAPS or ISIS ? Large area
• Readout circuit on one edge ? Easy to control
  temp.
• Spatial resolution 1.5mm with digital readout

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RD for Vertex Detector

• Challenges of FPCCD
• Pixel size
• Poly-Si gateOK, Al-layerRD necessary
• Tracking efficiency
• 40hits/mm2 (R20mm, B3T)?Tracking eff. sim. is
  an urgent task
• Thin and large wafer
• 50mm thick, 20x100mm2
• Lorentz angle
• Lower B (GLD) is preferable
• Readout electronics
• 500e for inclined tracks
• Radiation hardness

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• B.G. rejection by hit cluster shape
• (tracking capability with single layer!)

• Standard CCD

• Fine Pixel CCD

High Pt Signal
Low Pt b.g.
Z f















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RD for Vertex Detector

• Plan
• Short term (by 2006 spring)
• Simulation study for tracking efficiency and
  flavor tagging efficiency
• Study of full-depleted CCDs (12mm pixel)
• Mid term (by the end of 2007)
• Fabrication of prototype ladders
• Test of the prototypes

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RD for TPC

• Collaboration
• KEK
• Tsukuba
• Tokyo
• Tokyo Noukou
• Kougakuin
• Kinki
• Saga
• International Collab. (Mindanao, MPI, DESY, etc.)

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RD for TPC

• Why TPC?
• Wire tension of large size DC requires thick
  end-plate
• Recent development of Micro Pattern Gas Detector
  (MPGD) for electron-multiplication

DC TPC (MWPC) TPC (MPGD)
2-hit separation 2mm 10mm 2mm
of sampling lt100 200 200
sRf 100mm 200mm 100mm
Sector boundary None Large Small
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RD for TPC

• Challenges of MPGD TPC for ILC
• Resolution (sRf, sZ, sdE/dx, 2-track separation)
• Gas choice (Diffusion, B.G. immunity)
• End-plate design and readout electronics
• Magnetic field (strength and uniformity)
• Temperature stabilization
• Positive ion back-drift
• Large size
• Large size MPGD and end-plate design
• Field cage
• Robustness
• Beam background
• Discharge
• Stability

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RD for TPC

• Present activity
• Beam/Cosmic test using MPI-TPC
• We have beam and large bore solenoid (1.2T) at KEK

2
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RD for TPC

• Present activity
• RD of MPGD
• CERN GEM (bi-conical) Tested in MPI-TPC
• Fuchigami GEM (straight hall)
• Saclay micro-MEGAS

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RD for TPC

• Plan
• Short term (by 2006 spring)
• Study (optimization) of small size MPGDs
• Beam test of MPI-TPC with MPGDs (GEM,
  micro-MEGAS)
• Study of gas
• TPC simulation
• Design of large size prototype
• Mid term (by the end of 2007)
• Construction of the prototype
• Beam test of the prototype
• Study of technologies needed for the TPC for the
  ILC experiment

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RD for Calorimeter

• Collaboration
• Niigata
• Tsukuba
• Shinshu
• Kobe
• (Tohoku)
• (KEK)
• KEK and Tohoku are involved in simulation study
• Calorimeter is the key component in the detector
  concept study (GLD)

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RD for Calorimeter

• RD Goal
• Design of the calorimeter for ILC experiment
  optimized for Particle Flow Algorithm (PFA)
• Simulation study and prototype beam test
• Technology Option
• ECAL should have small Moliere length ? Tungsten
  absorber
• Huge detector (GLD) requires low cost CAL (W/Si
  might be too expensive) ? Scintillator base
• Extremely high granularity ? SiPM readout

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RD for Calorimeter

• Present Activity
• Detector Full Simulation
• Study of scintillator strip/block with WLSF
  readout

ECAL beam test module with MAPMT
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RD for Calorimeter

• Present Activity
• Study of SiPM

HPK SiPM
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RD for Calorimeter

• Plan
• Short term (by 2006 spring)
• Optimization for PFA by full simulator
• Design of readout electronics for the prototype
• Continue study of SiPM and scint. strip/block
• Mid term (by the end of 2007)
• Optimization of PFA by full simulator
• Design and construction of the prototype CAL
  optimized for PFA
• Beam test of the prototype CAL at FNAL

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Other RD activities in Japan

• Solenoid and iron structure
• ANSYS calculation
• Detector concept study for SiD
• 3D-pixel pair monitor
• Machine-Detector Interface

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Summary

• ILC Detector RD activity at KEK IPNS
• Detector concept study for GLD
• Detector component RD
• FPCCD vertex detector
• TPC main tracker
• W/Scintillator base calorimeter
• ILC??????
• 3?3?(?)900?? 5?(?)1200??
• KEK????????????