Fallacies statements that sound logical but are not true

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• Fallacies statements that sound logical but are
  not true

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• 1) Hasty Generalization a statement that jumps
  to a conclusion before there are enough facts to
  prove it is true. (Uses Inductive Reasoning)
• Examples
• Yesterday Cindy took the bus to school. Today
  Cindy also took the bus. Therefore, Cindy always
  comes to school by bus.
• I bought a pair of shoes at Dillards and they
  had a hole in them. Dillards sells cheap stuff.

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• 2) Non Sequitor (it does not follow) - the
  conclusion doesnt follow the premise.
• (Uses Deductive Reasoning You start with a
  general statement and draw conclusions that
  logically follow. Example All men are mortal.
  John is a man. Therefore, John is a mortal)
• Examples
• Clambake University has one of the best faculties
  in the United States because a Nobel Prize winner
  used to teach there. (How does the fact a Nobel
  Prize winner used to teach at Clambake University
  make its present faculty one of the best in the
  United States?)
• Your family will be safer, if you buy this car.

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• 3) Begging the Question supporting a
  statement/claim with a reason that is really a
  restatement of the statement/claim in different
  words. This could also be called a circular
  argument A is true because A is true.
• Examples
• You should drive on the right side of the road
  because that is what the law says, and the law is
  the law.
• I think he is unattractive because he is ugly.

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• 4) Red Herring A fallacy that attempts to
  divert attention from the real issue by
  interjecting a related topic.
• Example
• We need to make classroom rules stricter for
  students. After all, juvenile crime is on the
  rise.

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• 5) Straw Man A device for ignoring the subject
  by answering a different question that is easier
  to handle (changes the subject).
• Examples
• I know what we can do about the environment. We
  can be true, patriotic Americans.
• Where was I last night? Mom, did you know I got
  an A on my math test?

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• 6) Appeal to Pity A fallacy which ignores the
  issue and attempts to instead stir the listeners
  emotions.
• Examples
• Mary shouldnt be punished for robbing a bank.
  After all, the poor woman gets migraine headaches
  twice a day.
• If you are a caring person you will donate to the
  feed the world campaign.

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• 7) Ad Hominem A fallacy that ignores the issue
  being considered and concentrates instead on
  criticizing or attacking the person who proposed
  the argument. The thinking is if you discredit
  the person, you discredit the argument.
• Examples
• Mayor Barnes should be kicked out of office.
  Hes nothing but a stupid idiot with more hot air
  than a weather balloon.
• You cant possibly accept the findings of that
  study on smoking-it was paid for by the tobacco
  industry

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• 8) Guilt by Association A fallacy which makes
  people appear guilty after they have been
  associated with someone already considered
  guilty.
• Example
• Carrie shouldnt be our school bus driver. Her
  brother has been fined several times for
  speeding.

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• 9) False Assumption/Analogy assuming that
  because two things happened, the first one caused
  the second one. There is a faulty cause and
  effect. A false analogy is an unfair comparison.
• Examples
• Franklin shouldnt have any trouble getting his
  pilots license. Hes been driving a car for
  over a year. (flying a plane ? driving a car)
• Every time my brother goes with me to the game,
  we lose. Im not taking him anymore.