Understand the use of verb motsu'

1
JPN 105 Lesson 8 Objectives

• Understand the use of verb motsu.
• Understand the use of divergence (-te kimasu,
  -te ikimasu).
• Understand additional te form verbs (-te aru,
  -te oku, -te shimau, -te miru).
• Understand and be able to use idiomatic
  expressions (tagaru, hajimeru, owaru, sugiru,
  kata, -yasui, - nikui, tariru).

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Verb motsu

• motsu is a u-dropping verb and means to have,
  hold, possess carry.
• Used alone and combination with other verbs to
  make compound verbs.
• Stand-alone use of motsu.
• Use of motsu in forming compound verbs.

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Verb motsu

• Motsu can be used as shown below
• tomodachi Taro-san wa jidoosha o motte imasu
• My friend Taro has a car
• watashi wa ani no mijikai yuigon o motte imasu
• I have my elder brothers brief will

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Verb motsu

• The verb motte imasu, to have, is conjugated as
  follows
• Plain form
• motte iru motte ita
• motte inai motte inakatta
• Polite form
• motte imasu motte imashita
• motte imasen motte imasen deshita

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Approach and Divergence (te kuru)

• -te kuru is used to express the meaning come to
  (do), begin to (do), have done (to some extent),
  have been (doing, get/become (some state
  describing the subject), (do something and then)
  come back.
• After the stem of the te-form of a verb
• supeingo no hanashikatta ga wakatte
  kimashita
• I have come to understand how to speak
  Spanish
• yuki ga futte kimashita
• It began to snow (and will continue to
  snow)
• After the ku form of an adjective. The te
  form of naru (natte) is always be used between
  the ku-form of an adjective and kuru
• kono goro daibu samuku natte kimashita ne
• It is getting much colder recently,
  isnt it?

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Approach and Divergence (te kuru)

• -te kuru becomes de kuru after a verb whose
  dictionary form ends in bu, -gu, -mu, or nu
• kono goro ocha o yoku nonde kimashita
• Recently I have begun to drink a lot of green tea

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Approach and Divergence (te iku)

• -te iku is used to express the meaning keep
  (doing) from now on, get/become (some state
  describing the subject), from now on, (do
  something) on the way.
• After the stem of the te-form of a verb
• maishuu atarashii eiga o mite ikitai to
  omotta
• I though I wanted to see a new movie every
  week from then on
• After the ku form of an adjective. The te
  form of naru (natte) must always be used between
  the ku-form of an adjective and iku
• gasorin no nedan wa takaku natte ikimasu.
• Gasoline prices keep on rising?

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Approach and Divergence (te iku)

• -te iku becomes de iku after a verb whose
  dictionary form ends with bu, -gu, mu, or nu.
• mainichi shinbun o yonde ikitai to omoimasu
• I want to read the newspaper everyday from now
  on
• ano kissaten de koohi o nonde ikimasen ka
• Shall we have coffee at that coffee shop before
  we go?

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More te Verb Forms

• There are several te verb forms that have
  special meanings when followed by certain other
  verbs such as
• aru
• oku
• shimau
• miru
• Motte iku and motte kuru also have special
  meanings.

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-te aru

• -te aru is used to form predicative phrases that
  express some continuing state caused by an
  action. Compare the following two sentences
• Mado wa aite imasu
• The window is open
• Mado wa aite arimasu
• The window is open (because I opened it)
• In the following sentence an alternative using
  imasu would not be likely
• Kono hon ni nani ka kaite arimasu
• There is something written in this book
  (because somebody wrote in it)

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-te oku

• -te oku forms predicative phrases meaning do
  (something) for the next occasion, leave/keep
  (something) in some state, let (somebody do
  something)
• After the stem of a te-form verb
• samui no de doa o shimete okimasu
• It is cold so Ill close the door (and leave
  it closed)
• sono koto wa shiranai koto ni shite okimasu
• Ill keep pretending that I dont know about
  that
• nagai aida matasete oite gomen nasai
• Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so
  long
• What does oite oku mean?
• To place something somewhere for future use.

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-te shimau

• -te shimau forms a predicative phrase meaning
  finish (something), do (something) in spite of
  oneself, do by mistake/absent-mindedly/carelessly,
  do (something) completely.
• After the conjunctive (te-form) of a verb
• Shinbun o ichiji-kan de y0nde shimaimashita
• I finished reading the paper in one hour
• Ano hito ga suki ni natte shimaisoo desu
• I feel I will really grow to like that person
• (I have a feeling Im going to fall for that
  person)
• Kodomo wa onaka ga tsuita kara haha ga tsukutta
  ryoori o tabete shimaimashita
• The children were hungry so they ate all of the
  food that was prepared by their mother (in spite
  of themselves)
• Note -te shimaimashita is sometimes abbreviated
  to chatta (e.g., tabete shimaimashita becomes
  tabe chatta).

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-te miru

• -te miru means to try something (and see). It
  is an example of a compound verb.
• kore o tabete mimsen ka
• Wont you try this (and see if you like it)?
• ano sushi-ya e itte mimashita kedo,
  oishikunakatta desu
• I tried going to that sushi shop, but it was
  not good
• ano mise de kiite mimasu
• Ill try asking at that store (to see if they
  know)
• denki o tsukete mite kudasai
• Try turning on the light (to see if it will
  work)
• kono fuyu wa Hokkaidoo e suki ni itte mitai
• Id like to try to go skiing in Hokkaido this
  winter

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motte iku

• motte iku means to have and go or to take.
  It is a example of a compound verb.
• kamera o motte ikimashoo
• Lets take a camera
• kono ookii ishi wa asoko ni motte ikinasai
• Please take this big stone over there

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motte kuru
motte kuru means to have and come or to
bring. It is another example of a compound
verb. kamera o motte kimashita ka Did you
bring a camera wain o motte kite kudasai
Please bring wine
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Some Other Compound Verbs

• Some other examples of compound verbs
• ashita doobutsu-en e tsurete ikimasu
• Tomorrow Ill take you to the zoo
• namida ga nagarete kimashita
• Tears came flowing from her eyes
• otooto haite kimashita
• My younger brother came in

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Idiomatic Expressions

• An idiom is an expression or phrase that has a
  meaning of its own that is not apparent from the
  meanings of its individual words
• To make friends, meaning to become acquainted
  is an English idiom it does not mean, literally,
  to produce or create friends.
• Hara ga tatsu, (lit. the stomach stands up) is
  a Japanese idiom that means to get angry.
• Onaka ga tsuita (the stomach is empty) means
  to be hungry.

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Idiomatic Expressions tagaru

• The expression tagarimasu following the
  infinitive form of verbs means to become eager
  to. . .
• kanojo wa Nyuyoku e ikitagatte iru
• She is becoming eager to go to New York
• kare wa kaeritagatte iru
• He is becoming eager to return

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Idiomatic Expressions - hajimeru

• The expression hajimemasu, to begin to. . .,
  can be used after the infinitive verb form
• konban kore o benkyoo shi hajimemasu
• Ill begin to study this tonight
• anata no shosetsu wa itsu kaki hajimemasu ka
• When will you begin to write your novel?

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Idiomatic Expressions - owaru

• The expression owarimasu, to finish . . .ing,
  can be used after the infinitive form of verbs
• mo sugu kono tegami o kaki owarimasu
• Ill finish writing this letter soon
• kono daigakusei wa kongetsu sotsuron o kaki
  owarimasu
• This university student will finish writing
  his graduation thesis this month

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Idiomatic Expressions - sugiru

• The expression sugimasu, to exceed can be used
  after the infinitive form of verbs
• kono kooin wa hataraki sugimasu
• This factory hand overworks
• nomi sugi wa ikemasen yo
• You must not drink too much.
• kore wa fukuzatsu sugite hitori de wa dekimasen
• This is too complicated to do alone

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Idiomatic Expressions - -kata

• kata is a suffix meaning how to (do), way/method
  of (doing). It is used after the infinitive form
  of verbs
• kare no hanashi-kata wa omoshiroi desu ne
• His way of speaking is interesting, isnt it?
• sonna hen na aruki-kata wa mita koto ga nai
• I have never seen such a strange way of
  walking
• kanojo no Nihongo no oshie-kata wa joozu desu
• Her method of teaching Japanese is skillful

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Idiomatic Expressions - -yasui

• yasui is an adjective meaning (be) easy to (do),
  be liable to (do) (be) apt to (do). It is used
  a a suffix after the infinitive form of verbs
• fuyu ni wa kaze o hiki-yasui desu.
• It is easy to catch cold in the winter time
• Nihonjin ni wa onna no hito no hanashikata wa
  ichiban wakari-yasui desu
• Among the Japanese, womens speech (way of
  talking) is the easiest to understand
• kare wa nomu to okori-yasuku naru
• He is apt to become angry when he drinks

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Idiomatic Expressions - -nikui

• nikui is an adjective meaning hard/difficult (to
  do), cannot (do) easily, (be) apt to (do). It
  is used as a suffix after the infinitive form of
  verbs
• chigau kanji wa ooi da kara oboe-nikui desu.
• There are a lot of different kanji characters
  so it is difficult to remember them
• Chuugokugo wa Nihongo yori hanashi-nikui desu.
• Chinese is more difficult to speak than
  Japanese.

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Idiomatic Expressions - tariru

• tari-ru is a verb meaning to be sufficient, be
  enough. It is used in a variety of ways
• kore o kaitai desu ga, okane wa tarimasen
• I want to buy this, but I dont have enough
  money (the money is insufficient)
• hima ga tarimasu ka
• Do you have enough free time?
• Nippon wa yama ga ooi kuni da kara, nogyoo
  dekiru tochi wa tarinai
• Because Japan is a country with many
  mountains, land that can be farmed is
  insufficient