Heartsaver FACTS First Aid

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Heartsaver FACTSFirst Aid
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
FA00
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Need for First Aid
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS

• Everyone will have to make the decision to help
  or not.
• Its better to know first aid not need it,
  than to need it and not know it.

FA01
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Whatever can go wrong, will.
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS

• - Murphys Law

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First Aid
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS

• Defined. Immediate care given to injured or
  suddenly ill person. Given until medical care
  obtained or until chance of recovery w/o medical
  care is assured.
• Purpose. Find it fix it.

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Bystander Action
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS

• 1. Recognize the Emergency
• 2. Decide to help
• 3. Contact EMS, if needed
• 4. Assess the victim
• 5. Provide first aid

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The four leading causes of death

• Heart attack
• Cancer
• Stroke Brain attack
• COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  (ex.emphysema)

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Extent of the Problem
HEARTSAVER AED
HEARTSAVER FACTS

• 1.1 million heart attacks
• 480,000 deaths due tocoronary heart disease
• 250,000 prehospital cardiac arrests

AED02
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Heart attack- Cells of the heart are not getting
oxygen begin dying
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Signs/symptoms of a heart attack
Other symptoms shortness of breath, Feeling of
doom
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First aid for a heart attack

• Call 911
• Have the person sit down
• If available, give them aspirin
• Help the person take the nitroglycerin

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Prevention of a heart attack and brain attack
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Stroke Brain Attack

• Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the
  USA.
• Behaviors/lifestyles that increase the risk of
  heart attack also increase the risk of stroke.

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• The MOST common stroke symptoms are
• Sudden confusion or trouble speaking
• Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, an arm,
  or a leg, especially on one side
• Sudden trouble seeing sudden trouble walking,
  dizziness or loss of balance
• A sudden severe (worst ever) headache with no
  known cause.

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Scene Survey
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS

• Hazards- Is the scene safe?
• Number of victims
• Mechanisms (causes) of injury

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Whats wrong with this picture?
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Brain injury is not an event or an outcome.It
is the beginning of a lifelong disease process.
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You Tube Helmet Boy Bully
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• Time to replace the helmet!

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Helmets meeting Snell Standards provide the
highest level of protection available. Snell
Standards significantly surpass those set by the
U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), the
American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 
the American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM)
and the U.S. Consumer Products Safety
Commission's 16 CFR Part 1203.
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The signs and symptoms of a traumatic brain
injury (TBI) can be subtle. -may not appear
until days or weeks following the injury or may
even be missed -people may look fine even though
they may act or feel differently.
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Signs/symptoms head injury

• Headaches or neck pain that do not go away
• Difficulty remembering, concentrating, or making
  decisions
• Slowness in thinking, speaking, acting, or
  reading
• Getting lost or easily confused
• Feeling tired all of the time, having no energy
  or motivation

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More head injury symptoms

• Mood changes (feeling sad or angry for no
  reason)
• Changes in sleep patterns ( more or less)
• Light-headedness, dizziness, or loss of balance
• Urge to vomit (nausea)
• Increased sensitivity to lights, sounds, or
  distractions
• Blurred vision or eyes that tire easily
• Loss of sense of smell or taste and
• Ringing in the ears.1

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Significant Mechanisms of Injury
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS

• Falls (3x victims height)
• Vehicle collisions involving
• ejection
• roll-over
• high speed
• pedestrian
• motorcycle
• bicycle
• Unresponsive or altered mental status
• Penetrations (head, chest, abdomen)

FA12
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Bleeding
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS

• Types
• Arterial
• Venous
• Capillary
• Control by
• 1. Direct pressure
• 2. Elevate and direct pressure
• 3. Pressure point

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Cleaning Wounds
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS

• Shallow wounds
• 1. Wash inside withsoap water
• 2. Irrigate with pressurized water
• 3. Apply antibiotic ointment
• 4. Cover withsterile dressing

• High risk wounds
• 1. Seek medical carefor cleaning
• 2. Remote location - cleanas best you can

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Impaled Objects
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS

• 1. Do not remove
• 2. Stabilize object
• 3. Seek medical attention

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Physician Care Needed?
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS

• Clean high risk wounds
• Close open wounds
  1. Cosmetic, wide, gaping,underlying
  structure injured
  2. Closure times
• extremities within 6 hours
• head trunk within 24 hours
• Tetanus booster needed?

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Fractures
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Signs of a potential fracture Painful, deformed
(picture on next slide), swollen. For large
bones- upper arm or leg, spine/neck hip
fractures CALL 911 For smaller closed fractures
you may choose to splint it or call 911. To
splint it- Pad the splint immobilize joints on
both sides of the fracture. Strips used to hold
the splint in place must be at least 2 inches
wide.
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FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Fracture Closed
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RICE Procedures
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS

• Use for bone, joint, and muscle injuries
• R Rest
• I Ice pack (on skin over injury)
• C Compression (with elastic bandage)
• E Elevate
• Alternate for first 24 to 72 hours
• 20-30 minutes of ice with
• 2-3 hours of compression

FA51
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Sprains
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Signs of a potential fracture Painful, swollen
may or may not be deformed.
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Pelvic Injuries
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Keep victim on a firm surface and minimize
movement. CALL 911 Foot rotated out may be
fractured. Foot rotated in may be dislocated.
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Burn Assessment
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS

• Seek medical care for
• Moderate and critical burns
• All 3rd degree burns
• Large 2nd degree burns (15-20 BSA)
• Under 5 over 55 years old
• Burns of hands, face, eyes, feet
• Inhalation or electrical burns

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WARNING the next 3 slides are graphic pictures of
various burns. You do NOT have to view these
slides. Put your head down and I will let you
know when the slides are no longer being projected
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FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Burn 2nd and 3rd Degree
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FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Burn Hot Water Scald
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FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Burn Chemical (from Sulfuric Acid)
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FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Burn Electrical
FA40
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Heat and Cold emergencies
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Types of Frostbite
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS

• 1st degree
• Pale/gray, frozen stiff skin

• 2nd degree
• Darker gray,
• blisters

3rd degree Dark gray/black tissue, tissue frozen
solid.
Treatment Use 100-104 degree water. Dont rub
it!
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FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
1st degree Frostbitten Ear
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FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Frostbite 2nd Degree
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FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Frostbite 3rd Degree
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PREVENTION is best!
Once again the first aid Warm the frostbite
using 100-104 degree water. Do NOT RUB!
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Types of Hypothermia
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS

• Mild
• (above 90 F)
• shivering
• cold abdomen

• Severe
• (below 90 F)
• no shivering
• rigid muscles
• altered mental status

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First Aid for Hypothermia
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS

• Remove wet clothing.
• Place a winter hat on them
• Place them in warm blankets
• Give them warm liquids IF they can swallow.

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FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
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Heat Illnesses
FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS

• Heat stroke a medical emergency!
• Extremely hot, dry red skin
• Altered mental status

• Heat exhaustion
• Profuse sweating
• Headache, nausea, dizziness

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8/2/2001 Minnesota Vikings right tackle Korey
Stringer died early Wednesday from complications
due to heatstroke he developed after he completed
a workout Tuesday following the morning
practice.He developed multi-organ system failure
throughout the day requiring attention of
multiple specialists and staff, a statement from
the Vikings said.Stringer was unconscious when
the ambulance picked him up at training camp, and
he didnt regain consciousness. When he arrived
at Immanuel St. Josephs hospital, he had a
temperature of over 108 degrees. His heart failed
at 150 a.m. CDT
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Febrile Seizure

• Febrile seizure symptoms can range from mild
  rolling of the eyes to more severe shaking or
  tightening of the muscles.
• Have a fever usually higher than 102 F (38.9 C)
• Unconsciousness
• Shake or jerk the arms and legs on both sides of
  the body
• Roll his or her eyes back in the head
• Have trouble breathing
• Lose of bladder control

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Febrile Seizure 1st aid-
Call 911 Cool the child Do not restrain the
person Place them in the recovery position
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Heimlich Maneuver

• Used as 1st aid for a person choking
• The person cant cough forcefully, talk, or isnt
  breath, they may be turning blue. Their hands
  are up near their throat.

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FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Tick
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FIRST AID
HEARTSAVER FACTS
Tick Engorged and Embedded
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